欧美碳交易市场监管机制比较研究及对我国的启示

发布时间：2018-03-29 02:36

本文选题：碳交易市场　切入点：监管机制比较　出处：《华东政法大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：20世纪八九十年代，全球气候变暖的趋势日益明显，导致气候变暖的主要因素是燃烧矿物燃料所排放出的二氧化碳等温室气体，为延缓全球变暖的趋势，经过几十轮的争论，最终在1995年联合国大会上签署并通过了《联合国气候变化框架公约》，而作为实施这一宣言的最重要的规则之一，《京都议定书》明确规定了公约中附录一国家温室气体排放总量的指标，为实现这一减排目标，碳交易市场应运而生，中国虽然暂时不承担碳减排的任务，但是作为碳减排配额的最重要供应商，为全球贡献了七成的配额，在世界碳交易市场上占有重要的地位。碳交易市场是一个人为规定所形成的市场，在这个市场上人们围绕碳排放配额的使用和流转为中心进行交易，不像其他实体商品，碳排放配额是个虚拟商品，难以监督的弱点，以及人为规定形成的市场先天性不足，都随着市场的发展表露无遗，尤其是全球碳交易市场所发生的碳交易丑闻，更是让国际社会认识到，加强碳交易监管是目前碳交易的重中之重，为此，欧盟和美国在本国碳市场发展的基础上探索出了欧盟模式和美国模式，丰富了碳交易监管模式。中国尚未建立起自己的碳交易体系，但是国内碳交易市场异常火爆，因此规范碳交易市场，减少和预防风险，借鉴国际成功监管经验，培育中国的监管机制，刻不容缓。本文分为三章，第一章从碳交易市场入手，回顾在《京都议定书》框架基础上诞生的碳交易市场发展历程和现状，并就碳交易市场的概念和市场体系进行了界定，对议定书所形成的三大履约机制进行了简单的分析，明确了碳交易市场相关知识之后，通过分析碳交易市场所发生的典型案例，厘清碳交易监管的的概念、原则的基础上，总结出当前碳交易监管所存在的问题，有必要加强碳交易市场监管，并说明当前欧盟和美国的两种监管模式；第二章首先分别研究了欧盟和美国的碳交易监管模式的发展历程和现状，并细致分析了其监管的相关法律和监管机制，最后总结两种模式的利弊；第三章通过阐述中国碳交易市场监管发展的历程和现状，分析出当前存在的问题，总结培育中国碳交易监管机制的内部和外部原因，结合欧盟和美国成功的监管经验，，提出培育我国碳交易监管机制的建议。总之，我国的碳交易市场不仅要做大更要做强，完善监管机制势在必行，那么对于处于碳交易产业链最低端的市场来说，充分学习其他国家成功经验，并消化吸收，构建我国的监管机制，才能促进中国碳交易市场长久稳定地发展。
[Abstract]:In the 1980s and 1990s, the trend of global warming became increasingly apparent. The main cause of global warming was the burning of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases emitted from fossil fuels. In order to slow the trend of global warming, there were dozens of rounds of controversy. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change was finally signed and adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1995, and as one of the most important rules for the implementation of the Declaration, the Kyoto Protocol clearly provides for national greenhouses in appendix I to the Convention. Indicators of total gas emissions, In order to achieve this emission reduction target, the carbon trading market emerged as the times require. Although China does not undertake the task of reducing carbon emissions for the time being, as the most important supplier of carbon emission reduction quotas, it has contributed 70% of the global quota. In the world carbon trading market occupies an important position. A carbon trading market is a artificially regulated market in which people trade around the use and flow of carbon emissions quotas, which, unlike other physical commodities, are virtual commodities. The weaknesses that are difficult to monitor, as well as the inherent inadequacies of the market created by artificial regulations, have been revealed with the development of the market, in particular the carbon trading scandal in the global carbon trading market, which has made the international community aware, Strengthening the regulation of carbon trading is the top priority of carbon trading at present. Therefore, the European Union and the United States have explored the EU model and the US model on the basis of the development of their own carbon markets. China has not yet established its own carbon trading system, but the domestic carbon trading market is extremely hot, so regulate the carbon trading market, reduce and prevent risks, and learn from successful international regulatory experience. It is urgent to cultivate China's regulatory mechanism. This paper is divided into three chapters. The first chapter starts with the carbon trading market, reviews the development course and current situation of the carbon trading market based on the framework of the Kyoto Protocol, and defines the concept and market system of the carbon trading market. This paper makes a simple analysis of the three major compliance mechanisms formed by the protocol, clarifies the relevant knowledge of the carbon trading market, and clarifies the concept and principles of carbon trading supervision by analyzing the typical cases that have taken place in the carbon trading market. It is necessary to strengthen the supervision of carbon trading market and explain the two regulatory models of EU and USA. The second chapter firstly studies the development process and current situation of carbon trading regulatory models in EU and USA, and analyzes the relevant laws and regulatory mechanisms, finally summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the two models; The third chapter analyzes the problems existing in the development of China's carbon trading market, summarizes the internal and external reasons for fostering China's carbon trading regulatory mechanism, and combines the successful regulatory experience of the European Union and the United States. The paper puts forward some suggestions on how to cultivate the regulatory mechanism of carbon trading in China. In short, the carbon trading market in our country not only needs to be bigger but stronger, and it is imperative to improve the regulatory mechanism. Well, for the market at the lowest end of the carbon trading industry chain, we should fully learn from the successful experiences of other countries and absorb them. Only by constructing the regulatory mechanism of our country can we promote the long-term and stable development of China's carbon trading market.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996.9

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