双重国籍的国际法问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 12:41

本文选题：双重国籍　切入点：外交保护　出处：《武汉大学》2011年博士论文

【摘要】：19世纪至20世纪,随着国际交往的日趋频繁,国籍问题的重要性凸现出来,有关国籍的观念和理论基本成熟,国籍法的单行立法方式应运而生并成为国籍立法的普遍趋势。国籍问题的国际化、国籍观念的进一步演进,使国籍问题上升到国际法层面,关于国籍的国际条约开始大量出现,现代国籍法的国际法原则基本形成。这种现象表明现代意义上的国籍观念基本成熟,并且国籍无论在国内法还是在国际法上的地位都日趋重要。本文以双重国籍的国际法问题作为研究对象,全文分为四章。第一章论述双重国籍的概念和历史演进。第一节对国籍的概念进行分析,指出国籍包含两个方面的含义：一方面在于公民对于国家的依附;另一方面则是国家对拥有其公民资格的人的保护。第二节讨论国籍法的历史演变,考察了国籍法经历了从禁止双重国籍到承认双重国籍的发展历程。第三节指出,承认双重国籍是由于受到国籍观念演变的影响,并由各种因素共同作用的结果。第二章论述双重国籍国际法的立法与司法实践情况。第一节讨论条约作为双重国籍立法的主要形式在双重国籍制度确立中发挥的重要作用。第二节讨论国际上有关双重国籍制度的司法实践,通过对美国等内国的司法实践考察,可以明晰人权保护是双重国籍制度得以存在的重要原因。第三节讨论双重国籍国际法规范目前具有的区域性、人本性以及理论基础的薄弱性等特点。第三章是本文的主体部分,论述双重国籍国际法的实体内容。第一节讨论双重国籍的兵役问题,指出国家基于其主权自主决定具有双重国籍的公民是否应在本国服兵役,一般来说,在双重国籍一国已服兵役的自然人,另一国家会给予其在本国服兵役的豁免,但并不绝对。第二节揭示了双重国籍者的外交保护问题,虽然是否给予外交保护,是国籍国根据其主权自主决定的事项,但一般来说,有效国籍国可以对其进行保护,另一国应出于国际合作的目的,放弃外交保护的权利。第三节讨论双重国籍者面临的涉外民商事案件的管辖权、法律适用以及裁判的认可与执行问题。第四节讨论双重国籍者的引渡问题,指出双重国籍者虽然受制于“本国人不引渡”的原则,两国均不会将其引渡至其他国家受审,但这一原则受“或引渡,或起诉”原则的制约。第四章讨论中国的双重国籍问题。第一节讨论我国历史上对于双重国籍问题的处理办法,指出1980年《国籍法》所坚持的单一国籍制度是当时历史条件下的正确选择,具有积极意义。第二节讨论1980年《国籍法》所面临的法律和现实问题,指出在现在国际环境已经发生较大变化的情况下,继续坚持双重国籍制度,是属于过于超前的国籍观念,有损我国利益,应予修改,有限度地承认双重国籍制度。
[Abstract]:From the 19th century to the 20th century, with the increasingly frequent international exchanges, the importance of the nationality issue emerged, and the concept and theory of nationality were basically mature. The unique legislation of nationality law has emerged as the times require and has become a general trend of nationality legislation. The internationalization of nationality issues and the further evolution of nationality concepts have raised the nationality issue to the level of international law, and international treaties on nationality have begun to appear in large numbers. The basic formation of the principles of international law in modern nationality law. This phenomenon shows that the concept of nationality in the modern sense is basically mature. Nationality is becoming more and more important in both domestic law and international law. This paper focuses on the dual nationality in international law, which is divided into four chapters. The first chapter discusses the concept and historical evolution of dual nationality. The first section analyzes the concept of nationality and points out that nationality contains two meanings: one is the dependence of citizens on the state; Section II discusses the historical evolution of nationality laws, examining the evolution of nationality laws from the prohibition of dual nationality to the recognition of dual nationality. The recognition of dual nationality is due to the influence of the evolution of the concept of nationality and the combined effect of various factors. Chapter two discusses the legislative and judicial practice of dual nationality international law. Section 1 discusses the important role that treaties play in the establishment of dual nationality system as the main form of dual nationality legislation. Judicial practice concerning the system of dual nationality, By examining the judicial practice of the United States and other countries, it is clear that the protection of human rights is an important reason for the existence of the dual nationality system. Section III discusses the regional nature of the current norms of dual nationality international law. The characteristics of human nature and the weakness of theoretical basis. The third chapter is the main part of this paper, which discusses the substantive content of dual nationality international law. The first section discusses the military service of dual nationality, and points out that the state decides whether citizens with dual nationality should perform military service in their own country on the basis of their sovereign autonomy. In general, a natural person who has served in military service in a State with dual nationality is granted immunity from military service in that State by another State, but it is not absolute. Section II reveals the question of diplomatic protection of persons with dual nationality, although diplomatic protection is granted, Is a matter decided by the State of nationality on the basis of its sovereign autonomy, but, in general, the effective State of nationality may protect it and the other State for the purpose of international cooperation, The right to waive diplomatic protection. Section III deals with jurisdiction, the application of the law and the recognition and enforcement of decisions in foreign civil and commercial cases faced by dual nationals. Section IV deals with the extradition of dual nationals, It is pointed out that although dual nationals are subject to the principle that "nationals do not extradite" and neither country will extradite them to other countries for trial, this principle is governed by the principle of "Aut dedere Aut judicare". The first section discusses the treatment of dual nationality in the history of China, and points out that the single nationality system upheld by the 1980 nationality Law was the correct choice under the historical conditions at that time. Section II discusses the legal and practical problems faced by the 1980 nationality Law, and points out that, under the circumstances in which the international environment has changed considerably, it is a concept of nationality which is too advanced to continue to adhere to the system of dual nationality. It is harmful to the interests of our country and should be amended to recognize the dual nationality system in a limited way.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D998

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