跨国破产中的所有权保留问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 09:53

本文选题：所有权保留　切入点：跨国破产　出处：《西南政法大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：所有权的保留条款设计的初衷，本是在国际货物买卖中为防止买受人不依照合同的约定，履行支付货款的义务而损害出卖人的利益，当买受人支付了一部分或者未全部支付时，出卖人可以基于合同中的保留条款向买受人主张返还货物。但是，在跨国破产中，尤其是在买受人进入破产程序后，出卖人可能就会成为一般破产债权人，这时，所有权的保留条款将对此提出挑战。由于出卖人可以援用保留条款从破产人处取回标的物，其他债权人的利益可能因此被损害。如果国际货物的买卖契约中订有所有权的保留条款，在买受人破产并占有着出卖人的货物而未全部支付货款的情形下，跨国破产程序中对该条款的效力问题的认定，将对出卖人以及其他债权人产生十分重要的意义。由于各国对所有权的保留的对象以及该条款的效力的态度不同，有些国家仅允许就买卖合同项下的标的物能够行使保留所有权，而有些国家则允许除了原标的物外，买受方通过标的物取得的收益和基于其他合同产生的债权都可以进行保留。同时，有些国家立法规定所有权保留无需登记便可生效，但有些国家则规定必须进行登记才能生效或者采用登记对抗效力。因此，卖方将面临两种命运，或者依照所有权保留条款从破产人处取回货物，或者成为一般债权人，按照破产财产分配原则获得清偿。本文将结合所有权的保留的理论探讨其在跨国破产中的效力问题。全文共分四个部分，包括正文和结语。第一部分“保留所有权的制度的理论及其立法现实”。主要就保留所有权的涵义及其种类进行阐述，同时对具有争议的所有权的保留的法律属性进行界定以及各国对所有权的保留的立法现实。第二部分“跨国破产中保留所有权制度的对象及其设立机制”。目前各国大多承认动产可以成为所有权的保留的对象，但是也有少数国家认为保留不动产的所有权也是允许的。此外，，还可能涉及到诸如保留所有权的扩展下引申出来的买受人处分货物所得的价金以及加工后的产品等特殊货物。对于所有权的保留的设立机制，主要有意思自治的原则、登记的生效主义、登记的对抗效力三种。各国对此的态度也有所不同。第三部分“跨国破产中所有权的保留的内部权利结构”。在这部分，将阐释在跨国破产中有关出卖人对标的物的取回的权利，买受人的期待权以及破产中对第三人的利益保护。第四部分“跨国破产中所有权的保留条款的效力”。主要结合两个著名的相关案例阐释两种不同的观点，即承认说以及否认说，以及在出卖人破产和买受人破产时的各自效力问题，并就所有权保留条款在跨国破产中可能产生的冲突与困难加以论述，提出相应地解决建议。最后的结语部分是对本文的总结。
[Abstract]:The ownership reservation clause of the original intention of the design, this is in the international sale of goods in order to prevent the buyer is not in accordance with the contract, to fulfill payment obligations damages the interests of the seller, the buyer pays a part or not paid, the seller can retain the same terms to buyers claim based on the return of the goods. However, in transnational insolvency, especially in the buyer insolvency, the seller may become general creditors, then retained ownership clause will be challenged. Because the seller can invoke the reserve clause from the bankrupt to retrieve the subject matter, the interests of other creditors may be damaged. If the reserve clause has ordered ownership of international goods sale contract, the buyer and the seller bankruptcy occupies the goods without payment in all circumstances, transnational broken The validity of the clause in the program production problems, will have a very important significance to the seller and other creditors. The ownership of the object and the effect of the retention of the terms of the attitude is different, some countries only allow the contract of sale of the subject matter can exercise the ownership retained, while others in addition to the original permit subject matter, buy by the parties through the subject matter and other revenue generated based on contract claims can be retained. At the same time, some national legislation of ownership reservation without registration will be effective, but some others require to register to take effect or the registration confrontation effect. Therefore, the seller will face the fate of two, or in accordance with Clause of reservation of ownership from the bankrupt to retrieve the goods, or become general creditors, obtain repayment in accordance with the principle of this paper. The distribution of the bankruptcy property The theory of retention of ownership will be used to discuss the problem of its effectiveness in transnational bankruptcy.
The full text is divided into four parts, including the text and the conclusion.
The first part is the theory of "retention of ownership" and its legislative reality. It mainly expounds the meaning and types of retention of ownership, and defines the legal attributes of the controversial ownership reservation as well as the legislative reality of the retention of ownership in various countries.
The second part of "transnational bankruptcy to retain ownership system and set up a mechanism of object. At present most countries admit that real estate can be retained ownership of the object, but there are a few countries that retain ownership of real estate is also allowed. In addition, may also be related to the expansion such as retained ownership arising out of the buyer the price of gold and the disposition of goods processed products and other special goods. The ownership reservation mechanism are established, the principle of autonomy, the validity of registration, registration of the antagonistic effect of three kinds. Each country's attitude is also different.
The third part is "the internal right structure of ownership reservation in transnational bankruptcy". In this part, we will explain the right to retrieve the seller's object in the transnational bankruptcy, the buyer's right to expect and the protection of the third party's interests in bankruptcy.
The fourth part of "transnational bankruptcy in the retention of title clause". Combined with the two related cases to explain the famous two different points of view, that is admitted and denied that their problems and buy effect when the seller bankruptcy and bankruptcy, and the ownership of insurance clauses in the conflict and difficulty leaving transnational bankruptcy possible to discuss, put forward the corresponding solutions.
The last part of the conclusion is the summary of this article.

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D997

【参考文献】