空间碎片的国际法探究

发布时间：2018-03-29 19:51

本文选题：空间碎片　切入点：外空条约　出处：《华东政法大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：自从人类进入太空时代，地球轨道成为人类探索太空的重要基地。半个多世纪以来，各类卫星、火箭、空间站等被送入太空，执行各类任务，为人类生活带来了巨大的便利。但与此同时，人类频繁的空间活动，也产生了大量的太空垃圾，各类航空器爆炸、碰撞或解体产生大量的空间碎片，这些碎片盘桓在外层空间，使得地球成为被垃圾包围的星球，它们既对外层空间、大气层、陆地和海洋造成巨大的环境污染威胁，阻碍人类进一步探索外太空，还直接威胁其他运作中的航空器的安全，造成人身和财产损害。在外层空间领域，现阶段具有约束力的国际条约主要制定于上世纪七八十年代。这些国际条约或仅就外层空间探索做出了原则性规定，或规定模糊缺乏实际操作性，或滞后于现在的科技发展水平不具有切实可行性，并不能实际解决空间碎片问题。除此以外，国际组织和一些空间大国也致力于制定各类空间碎片减缓措施及规范性文件，但是这些文件大部分缺乏强制性和约束力，很难真正为各航天主体遵循。而在基础理论层面，空间碎片的范围界定，“弃星”的法律定位，以及如何处理空间碎片归属不明问题等也成为解决空间碎片问题首先需要解决的基本问题。然而，即便存在种种困难与障碍，空间碎片问题也是人类探索太空过程中所不可避免的，必须有效解决的问题。科技发展永远是从根本上解决空间碎片问题的最终途径，但是在现阶段科技水平受限的情况下，从制度领域寻求空间碎片问题的解决之道成为解决该问题最有效最快捷的方法。完善立法，弥补现行外空条约的不足，自然是解决空间碎片问题的首要途径，此外，在世界各国共同协作的基础上制定一些行之有效的制度，包括责任基金制度、保险制度、市场份额责任制度等，也有助于从制度层面弥补现有技术在解决空间碎片问题上的不足，从而最终解决空间碎片问题，维护外层空间的可持续利用。
[Abstract]:Since mankind entered the space age, Earth orbit has become an important base for human exploration of space. For more than half a century, all kinds of satellites, rockets, and space stations have been sent into space to carry out various missions. It has brought great convenience to human life. But at the same time, the frequent space activities of human beings have also produced a large amount of space debris, and various types of aircraft explosion, collision or disintegration have produced a large amount of space debris, which is flying around in outer space, Making Earth a planet surrounded by garbage that poses a huge environmental pollution threat to outer space, the atmosphere, land and oceans, hinders the further exploration of outer space, and directly threatens the safety of other active aircraft, Causing personal and property damage. In the field of outer space, the binding international treaties at this stage were mainly formulated in the 1970s and 1980s. These international treaties either provide in principle for the exploration of outer space only, or the provisions are vague and lack practical operation. Or lag behind the current level of scientific and technological development is not feasible, can not actually solve the problem of space debris. In addition, international organizations and some major space countries are also committed to the development of various types of space debris mitigation measures and normative documents, But most of these documents are not mandatory and binding, and it is very difficult to really follow them for the spaceflight subjects. And at the basic theoretical level, the scope of space debris is defined, and the legal positioning of "discards", And how to deal with the problem of unclear attribution of space debris becomes the first basic problem to solve the problem of space debris. However, despite all the difficulties and obstacles, the problem of space debris is inevitable in the course of human exploration of space and must be effectively addressed. Scientific and technological development is always the ultimate solution to the problem of space debris. However, at the present stage when the level of science and technology is limited, finding a solution to the problem of space debris in the field of systems becomes the most effective and quickest way to solve this problem. Perfect legislation to make up for the deficiencies of the existing outer space treaties. Nature is the first way to solve the problem of space debris. In addition, on the basis of joint cooperation among the countries of the world, some effective systems have been developed, including the liability fund system, the insurance system, the market share liability system, and so on. It would also help to remedy the deficiencies of existing technologies in addressing the problem of space debris at the institutional level, thus ultimately resolving the problem of space debris and maintaining the sustainable use of outer space.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D999.1

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