论条约保留对话的发展及其对我国的启示

发布时间：2018-03-31 12:24

本文选题：条约法　切入点：条约保留　出处：《郑州大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：2011年5月,国际法委员会通过了《关于条约保留的实践指南》(以下简称为《实践指南》),这是条约保留制度不断发展完善的新的里程碑。但是,保留实践中存在的一些“痼疾”,仍未得以妥善解决,依然困扰着保留制度的发展。例如,对于相关当事方对保留所提的意见或看法,甚至进一步澄清保留内容等合理要求,常有保留提出方不予回应的情形。此外,由于对某项保留是否符合条约的目的和宗旨等问题的评估,往往留由各当事方自行判断,若一方对保留持肯定态度,则对于它而言,保留提出方是条约的当事方。值得注意的是,有关当事方可能对同一项保留的认识分歧较大,从而导致保留提出方在条约关系中的地位不确定等混乱局面。对于上述问题,特别报告员在第十七次报告中建议在国际层面倡导和鼓励有关各方积极开展保留对话,在保证普遍参与的同时,更好地维护条约的完整性和稳定性,以求在二者之间找到恰当的平衡点。我们在认真总结保留对话的发展历程,分析一些区域性的做法之后,可以得出完善条约本身的保留条款,引入保留争端解决的协助机制等经验,为解决保留对话遭遇的困境提供有益探索。对于我国而言,应认真研究《实践指南》,积极参与保留对话,在对话中着力提高提出和应对保留的能力,丰富本国条约法理论和实践。同时,还应注意学习和借鉴其他国家先进的经验和做法为我所用。
[Abstract]:In May 2011, the International Law Commission adopted the Guide to practice on reservations to treaties (hereinafter referred to as the Guide to practice), which is a new milestone in the continuous development of the regime of reservations to treaties. Some of the "chronic problems" existing in the practice of reservations remain unresolved and continue to haunt the development of the reservation regime... for example, with regard to the views or views of the parties concerned on the reservation, and even the reasonable requirements for further clarification of the content of the reservation, etc., There are often instances in which the author of a reservation does not respond... moreover, since the assessment of the compatibility of a reservation with the object and purpose of the treaty is often left to the discretion of the parties, and if one party has a positive attitude towards the reservation, for it, The author of a reservation is a party to the treaty. It is worth noting that the parties concerned may differ widely on the understanding of the same reservation, leading to confusion such as the uncertainty of the place of the author of the reservation in treaty relations. In response to the above, the Special Rapporteur, in his seventeenth report, recommended that the active dialogue on reservations be promoted and encouraged at the international level to better preserve the integrity and stability of treaties while ensuring universal participation, In order to find the right balance between the two. After carefully summarizing the course of development of the reservations dialogue and analysing some regional practices, we can draw lessons from the experience of perfecting the reservation clauses of the treaty itself and introducing a mechanism of assistance in the settlement of reservations disputes. To provide a useful exploration to resolve the dilemma encountered in the reservations dialogue. For our part, we should carefully study the Guide to practice, actively participate in the dialogue on reservations, strive to improve our ability to formulate and respond to reservations, and enrich our theory and practice in the law of treaties... at the same time, Attention should also be paid to learning and learning from the advanced experiences and practices of other countries for our own use.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D993.8

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