以《更路簿》为中心的渔业权研究

发布时间：2018-04-01 18:36

本文选题：更路簿　切入点：渔业史　出处：《海南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国渔业历史悠久,近代以前中国是一个海洋渔业发达,航海技术领先,造船技术成熟的海洋强国,以《更路簿》为代表的诸多古籍中记录着中国人民对海洋的开发和利用。经过千年的耕耘,我国人民建立起了固定的渔场,形成了渔业规模,同时历届政府逐步加强对海域、海岛、渔民的管理,渔民逐步确立了在远海的海洋捕鱼权。但是新的国际海洋法秩序建立以后,我国在远海形成的历史性渔业权利丧失严重,因国际国内原因,渔民这一基本权益屡受侵犯,整体权利保护下滑,因此急需在理论上和法律上对我国渔民这一历史性权利进行论证说明,以期有理有据的保护我国渔民的切身利益,维护国家主权。《更路簿》能够证明这一历史,是有力的法律证据。然而学界关于我国渔民在海洋渔业上逐步确立的权利有传统渔场,传统渔民,历史性的渔业权利,历史性捕鱼权等不同称谓,根据《联合国海洋法公约》及我国《中华人民共和国领海及毗连区法》的规定,笔者认为对渔民的历史性捕鱼行为的权利称谓为“历史性捕鱼权”最为恰当,理由有三：其一,历史性捕鱼权符合国际国内法关于这一历史性权利的具体称呼,比以单纯的历史性权利来概括渔业权更加明确,便于区分具体为何种权利；其二,我国渔民历代就是进行的捕鱼行为,行使的就是捕鱼的权利,因此比传统渔场更加利于权利的彰显；其三,历史性捕鱼权并非笔者独创,散见学者的相关论著中,且与《联合国海洋法公约》的表述基本一致,易于被接受和认可,便于同国际法接轨。故历史性捕鱼权是我国渔民在南海渔业开发形成渔业权的最好表述。因此本文主要是通过对《更路簿》的介绍,进而将《更路簿》体现的南海渔业行为习惯历史和渔业权形成史演进过程描述清晰,从而在逻辑上论证《更路簿》对历史性捕鱼权的证成。通过《更路簿》展现的南海渔业习惯史清晰地说明我国渔民在南海开发渔业捕捞的历史悠久、管理持续、受到国际社会承认或默认,经过长期的历史累计,我国渔民在南海争议区形成历史性捕鱼权。因而《更路簿》能够证成我国在南海的历史性捕鱼权,证明我国渔民在南海争议区渔业活动的合法性,对渔民渔业权保护有法理和法律上的价值。以期为“失海”渔民渔业权保护提供理论上和法律上的支持。
[Abstract]:China has a long history of fishery. Before modern times, China was a powerful marine country with advanced marine fishery, leading navigation technology and mature shipbuilding technology. The exploitation and utilization of the sea by the Chinese people are recorded in many ancient books represented by Ganglu Book.After millennia of cultivation, the people of our country have established a fixed fishing ground and formed a fishery scale. At the same time, successive governments have gradually strengthened the management of the sea areas, islands and fishermen, and fishermen have gradually established the right of fishing in the far sea.However, after the establishment of the new international order of the law of the sea, the historic fishery rights formed in China in the far sea have been seriously lost. Because of international and domestic reasons, this basic right of fishermen has been repeatedly infringed, and the overall protection of their rights has declined.Therefore, there is an urgent need to demonstrate theoretically and legally this historic right of fishermen in our country, with a view to reasonably protecting the vital interests of our fishermen and safeguarding national sovereignty.It's strong legal evidence.However, the academic circles have different appellations such as traditional fishing grounds, traditional fishermen, historical fishing rights, historical fishing rights and so on.According to the provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the Law of the people's Republic of China on the Territorial Sea and the contiguous Zone, the author thinks that the right to historic fishing for fishermen is the most appropriate for three reasons: first,Historic fishing rights are in line with the specific terms of this historic right under international and domestic law, and are more explicit than the mere historical right to generalize fisheries rights and facilitate the distinction between specific rights; second,The fishermen of our country have been engaged in fishing activities in the past dynasties, and what they have exercised is the right to fish, so it is more conducive to the manifestation of the rights than the traditional fishing grounds. Third, the historical fishing rights are not original by the author and are scattered in the relevant works of scholars.It is consistent with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, easy to be accepted and accepted, and in line with international law.Therefore, historical fishing right is the best expression of fishery right for fishermen in the South China Sea.In this paper, the history of fishery behavior habits and the evolution of fishery rights in the South China Sea are described clearly through the introduction of Gan Lu Book.In order to logically demonstrate the "more Road Book" of historical fishing rights.The history of fishing habits in the South China Sea as shown in the "Ganglu Book" clearly shows that Chinese fishermen have a long history of fishing development in the South China Sea, have continued to manage, have been recognized or acquiesced by the international community, and have accumulated over a long period of time.Chinese fishermen form historical fishing rights in the disputed area of the South China Sea.Therefore, Gan Lu Book can prove the historic fishing right of our country in the South China Sea, prove the legality of fishery activities of Chinese fishermen in the disputed area of the South China Sea, and have legal and legal value for the protection of fishery right of fishermen.The aim is to provide theoretical and legal support for the protection of fishery rights of fishermen.
【学位授予单位】：海南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D993.5

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