论战争法上指挥官刑事责任的构成要件

发布时间：2018-04-01 19:25

本文选题：指挥官刑事责任　切入点：上下级关系　出处：《湘潭大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：根据国际法中关于指挥官责任的理论，一个上级在其部下实施了战争罪、反人道罪、或种族灭绝罪等国际犯罪行为时，如果知道或者应当知道其部下正在或将要实施这些罪行而没有采取合理、必要措施来阻止或惩罚该犯罪者，则不能免除该上级的刑事责任。本文将主要论述指挥官责任原理的产生、发展及其特点，并重点结合各法庭所判决的案例，分析其构成要件的演进过程。最后笔者还将提出自己对这一理论的几点看法，以期引起广大学者专家的共鸣。由于本文将主要从其构成要件出发进行论述，因此，本文的结构将主要以指挥官责任理论的三个构成要件来进行章节的划分。第一章主要是介绍这一理论的基本概况，包括其法律依据以及几个确定的构成要件。第二章、第三章和第四章则是分别从每个要件出发，从理论和法庭审判实践来分析其构成的合理性。追究指挥官的战争责任，必须从指挥官的身份性，指挥官的主观状态以及指挥官不作为三个层次予以分析定罪。首先必须证明该指挥官有实际权力，，能够有效控制其下属的行为，即与下属士兵存在上下级关系；其次，要认定该指挥官在主观状态上是知道，或者依据其他信息能够推断其应当知道犯罪的发生；最后，证明该指挥官没有采取必要而合理的措施，去阻止犯罪的发生或者惩罚已经发生的犯罪行为。满足上述三个层次的认定标准，方能够认定指挥官具有指挥官责任。
[Abstract]:In the light of the theory of commander ' s responsibility in international law , when a superior conducts international crimes such as war crimes , crimes against humanity , or genocide , if it is known or ought to know that they are or are going to commit these crimes without reasonable and necessary measures to prevent or punish the perpetrators , this article will mainly discuss the generation , development and characteristics of the principle of commander ' s responsibility .

Chapter one is mainly about the basic situation of this theory , including its legal basis and the elements of the elements .

The commander ' s war responsibility must be analysed and convicted from the commander ' s identity , the commander ' s subjective state and the commander ' s inaction as three levels . First , it must be proved that the commander has the actual power to effectively control the behaviour of his subordinates , namely , the presence of subordinate relations with subordinate soldiers ;
Secondly , it is determined that the commander is in the subjective state , or can deduce that it should know the occurrence of the crime on the basis of other information ;
Finally , it is proved that the commander has not taken the necessary and reasonable measures to prevent the occurrence of the crime or to punish the criminal acts that have occurred . The criteria for the determination of the above three levels can be met , and the party can determine that the commander has the commander ' s responsibility .

【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D995

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