船舶油污损害赔偿基金制度研究

发布时间：2018-04-03 11:13

本文选题：油污损害　切入点：油污基金　出处：《西南政法大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：自2007年我国石油进口总量突破2亿吨以后，每年都成快速上升的趋势不断增长。2011年我国石油消耗量排全世界第二。石油进口量的增加，使得海运业也随之迅速发展，油污事故频发，，给我们造成了重大的经济损失和环境损害。但是在各国纷纷加入国际油污基金公约及建立本国国内油污基金制度的大形势下，我国却既未加入国际基金公约也未建立专属于我国的船舶油污损害赔偿基金制度。缺乏船舶油污损害赔偿基金制度的支持，仅仅依据我国目前加入的《民事责任公约》，是不足以弥补事故受害者的损失的。本文通过对国际基金公约和美国、英国等发达国家的国内油污基金制度的分析和研究，对建立我国油污损害赔偿基金制度的适用条件及油污损害赔偿基金制度的具体完善进行了全面性的分析和论述。除引言和结语之外，正文共分为四个部分，由浅入深，由国际法到国内法，详尽地介绍了国际基金公约和美国等其他国家有关油污基金制度的规定，为构建我国船舶油污损害赔偿基金制度提供了必要的参考，并最终提出了完善的建议。第一部分“船舶油污损害赔偿基金制度概述”。文章首先明确船舶油污损害赔偿基金制度相关概念，其中包括船舶、油污损害和油污损害赔偿基金三个概念的界定。在此基础上探讨了建立船舶油污损害赔偿基金制度的必要性，即减少油污损害保护海洋环境、弥补船东赔偿的不足以及顺应损害赔偿的社会化趋势三个方面。第二部分“船舶油污损害赔偿基金制度的国际国内法律规定”。首先介绍了国际基金公约有关船舶油污损害赔偿基金制度的规定。接着则是对美国、英国等发达国家有关船舶油污损害赔偿基金制度规定的阐述，以期能找到可供我国在构建船舶油污损害赔偿基金制度时借鉴的内容。最后总结了我国有关船舶油污损害赔偿基金制度的规定，通过比较以凸显建立我国船舶油污损害赔偿基金制度的现实意义和价值。第三部分“船舶油污损害赔偿基金模式及适用条件”。在该部分作者首先阐明了三种油污损害赔偿基金模式，包括基金公约赔偿模式、国内基金赔偿模式和双基金赔偿模式。紧接着对这三种基金模式的适用条件进行了分析和探讨。并结合我国的实际情况得出我国目前并不适宜采用基金公约赔偿模式，加入油污基金公约的结论，而是更适合于采用国内基金赔偿模式，建立本国的船舶油污基金。第四部分“完善我国船舶油污损害赔偿基金制度的设想”。该部分是本文的重点内容，同时也是难点内容。首先是对我国油污损害赔偿基金模式的选择及其适用条件的分析。通过本文第三部分对油污损害赔偿基金模式适用条件的分析认为我国应采用国内油污基金的赔偿模式。所以在这个部分就对我国采用国内油污赔偿基金模式的具体适用条件进行了阐述。在此基础上提出完善我国船舶油污基金制度的具体意见。包括油污基金的资金来源、赔偿范围、赔偿限制以及基金的监督管理几个方面的完善。
[Abstract]:This paper analyzes and studies the domestic oil pollution fund system in developed countries , such as the international fund convention and the United States and the United Kingdom , and makes a comprehensive analysis and discussion on the establishment of the application conditions of the fund system for oil pollution compensation in China and the concrete improvement of the system of oil pollution damage compensation .

In addition to the preface and the conclusion , the text is divided into four parts , from shallow to deep , from international law to domestic law , the provisions of the international fund convention and other relevant State - related oil pollution fund systems of the United States and so on are introduced in detail , which provides the necessary reference for the construction of the system of compensation fund for oil pollution damage of our country , and finally puts forward the perfect proposal .

In the first part , the concept of damage compensation fund system of ship oil pollution is defined firstly , including the definition of three concepts of ship , oil pollution damage and oil pollution damage compensation fund . On the basis of this , the necessity of establishing the system of compensation fund for ship oil pollution is discussed .

In the second part , the regulation of the system of damage compensation fund for ship oil pollution damage compensation fund system is introduced firstly . The article introduces the regulation of oil pollution damage compensation fund system in the developed countries , such as the United States and the United Kingdom , in order to find the content which can be used for reference during the construction of the system of compensation fund for ship oil pollution damage . Finally , the article summarizes the relevant regulations of the system of compensation fund for oil pollution damage compensation in China , and compares it to highlight the practical significance and value of establishing the system of damage compensation fund for ship oil pollution in China .

In the third part , the model and conditions of compensation fund for oil pollution damage compensation fund are described in the third part . In this part , three types of oil pollution damage compensation fund model , including compensation model of fund convention , compensation model of domestic fund and double fund compensation model , are first set forth in this part .

The fourth part is " the idea of perfecting the system of compensation fund for oil pollution compensation in our country " . This part is the focus of this paper , and it is also the difficult content . First , it is the choice of the mode of compensation fund for oil pollution damage compensation in China and its application conditions . In this part , the specific application conditions of China ' s oil pollution compensation fund model are expounded .

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996.19

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