专利国际保护对社会福利影响之初探

发布时间：2018-04-03 21:29

本文选题：福利经济学　切入点：专利国际保护制度　出处：《吉林大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：在当今社会社会福利得到人们的普遍关注,人们不仅仅关注一个国家内部的社会福利问题,而且随着全球一体化,开始放眼国际关注全球福利问题。合理的制度构建的目的在于配置社会资源,提高社会福利。专利的国际保护作为一种制度,无论其如何促进技术进步、经济发展,其产生、存在和发展的最终都必须达到的目的是提高一国国民以及全球社会福利。以社会福利提高作为将其考量专利国际保护制度的合理性的标准,能够达到不断完善该制度,进而激励创新和经济增长的目的,最终提高社会福利。对于社会福利的界定,处于不同立场的人们对其理解不尽相同,有广义和狭义之分。与本文相联系的社会福利,是最广义层次的社会福利,包括能够提高广大社会成员生活水平的各种政策和社会服务,旨在解决广大社会成员在各个方面的福利待遇问题。基于以上考虑,本文综合运用了法学研究常用的历史分析方法、价值分析方法、实证分析方法等基本分析方法进行研究。文章共分为三部分：第一章介绍福利分析方法以及符合社会福利提高的专利国际保护制度的应然性。第一节,简要介绍了福利经济学分析方法,目的在于将其作为分析工具对专利国际保护制度进行评估：第二节,运用福利经济学的相关基本理论对专利国际保护应该具有的价值进行分析。具体从公平、正义、个人权利三个方面对专利国际保护制度的应然性进行分析,为下文分析提供价值判断基础；第三节,介绍了个人福利和社会福利的关系,鉴于个人福利对社会福利变化具有导向作用。此部分的思路是,运用个人福利变化评估专利制度对于专利主体效用的影响。具体来说,就是评估专利国际制度对个人福利的影响,为评估专利国际保护制度对社会福利影响提供科学工具。这一部分的基本目的在于,为下文专利国际保护制度评估提供科学的工具。第二章以全球为视角运用福利经济学分析工具对专利国际保护制度的现实情况进行考量。首先探讨作为静态法律制度的专利国际保护制度对社会福利的影响,以专利制度的立法动机和基本理念以及主要国际条约的考量为基点；其次探讨专利国际保护制度动态运行过程中对社会福利的影响。对专利制度组成内容变化过程进行具体分析,认为专利制度本身是一种动态变化的制度,其对于社会福利的影响也是动态变化了,但是不论如何变化,其始终向着提高社会福利方向发展；最后是专利国际保护制度运行效果即绩效分析。从平衡社会各方利益及激励创新和促进经济增长两方面入手,结论认为其运行效果基本符合立法的目的,能够增进社会福利。第三章,本文鉴于我国是发展中国家的基本国情,分析专利国际保护制度对于发展中国家的影响。第一节,分析专利国际保护对于发展中国家社会福利影响的现状,一方面认为其现行专利国际保护制度有促进发展中国家社会福利的作用,另一方面其也存在利益相对失衡并有待完善之处；第二节,分析产生上述情况的原因。基本观点是,根本原因—发达国家对利益的追逐,现实原因—经济发展水平落后直接原因,制度设计缺陷—保护好用而限制不好用；第三部分,现状和原因分析基础上,尝试提出几点应对措施。第一,发展中国家应该加强共识,团结合作,团结一致才能增加发展中国家在国际社会的话语权,抗衡发达国家的强势力量,值得专利国际保护制度的构建和发展过程中充分考虑发展中国家的实际情况,防止过高标准被强加于落后国情之上；第二,基于福利经济学分析方法的两个组成部分,提出两点启示。首先,从伦理价值角度,从限制授予的客体范围、建立完备的例外制度、规范专利强制许可实行的程序三个角度进行努力实现利益平衡。其次,采取建立健全专利申请鼓励机制、激发全社会的创新能力积极创制促进技术创新的辅助机制、对具有比较优势的专利客体进行扩大等措施激发专利权效用的扩散,实现专利产出最大化,增进社会福利。
[Abstract]:In today's society of social welfare to get people's attention, people not only pay close attention to the social problems within a country, but with the global integration, began to look at the international attention. The global welfare system aims to construct a reasonable allocation of social resources, improve social welfare. The international protection of the patent as a system, no matter how the promotion of technological progress, economic development, the purpose of the existence and development of the final must achieve is to improve the national and global social welfare. In order to improve the social welfare as the consideration of patent international protection system of standards, to improve the system, so as to encourage innovation and economic growth, and ultimately to improve the social welfare. The definition of social welfare, people in different positions on the understanding is not the same, the broad and narrow sense and points. The social welfare related to this article is the most generalized social welfare, including various policies and social services that can improve the living standard of the majority of the members of the society, aiming to solve the welfare problems of the members of the society in all aspects.
Based on the above considerations, this paper uses the basic methods of historical analysis, value analysis and empirical analysis, which are commonly used in legal research. The article is divided into three parts.
The first chapter introduces the welfare analysis method and ought to be in line with international patent protection system to improve the social welfare. The first section briefly introduces the welfare economics analysis method, in order to give it as an analytical tool to evaluate the international patent protection system: second, analysis related to the use of the basic theory of welfare economics should be on the international protection of patent with the specific value. From the fairness, justice and individual rights in the three aspects of necessity of patent international protection system analysis, value judgment basis for the following analysis; section third describes the relationship between the individual and social welfare, the welfare of the individual has given guidance to the change of social welfare. This part is the idea of. The use of personal welfare change assessment of the impact of the patent system to the patent subject utility. Specifically, is to evaluate the international patent system on personal blessing The purpose of this part is to provide a scientific tool for evaluating the impact of the international protection system of the patent on social welfare. The basic purpose of this part is to provide a scientific tool for the evaluation of the international protection system of patents below.
The second chapter in a global perspective by using welfare economics analysis tools to the realistic situation of international patent protection system into consideration. Firstly as a patent international protection system static legal system influence on social welfare and the motivation of legislation of patent system and the basic ideas and main conventions; then discuss the impact on social welfare the international patent protection system of dynamic operation process. The patent system composed of content change process of specific analysis, that the patent system is a dynamic system and its impact on social welfare is dynamic, but no matter how to change the direction of development has always been to improve social welfare; finally the operation effect of patent the international protection system performance analysis. From the balance of social interests and stimulate innovation and promote economic growth in two aspects Hand, the conclusion is that the effect of its operation is basically in accordance with the purpose of legislation and can improve social welfare.
The third chapter, in view of our country is the basic conditions of developing countries, analysis of patent international protection system impact on developing countries. In the first section, analysis of the status quo for the influence of developing countries social welfare international patent protection, on the one hand that has a function of promoting social welfare in developing countries the current international patent protection system, on the other hand, there are also the interests of the relative the imbalance and need to be improved; second, analysis of the causes of the situation. The basic idea is that the fundamental reason - the pursuit of the interests of developed countries, the real reason of economic development lags behind the direct cause, system design flaws - protect and limit is not good; the third part, based on the present situation and reason analysis. Try to put forward some countermeasures. First, developing countries should strengthen consensus, unity and cooperation, solidarity can increase in developing countries The international community's voice, strong power in developed countries, worthy of patent international protection system and give full consideration to the actual situation of developing countries in the process of development, to prevent high standards imposed on the backward situation; second, the two part of the welfare economics analysis method based on the proposed two suggestions. First, from the ethical value from the point of view, to limit the scope of object, the establishment of a complete system of exception specification, patent compulsory licensing procedures for implementation of three aspects of efforts to achieve the balance of interests. Secondly, take to establish and improve the patent application of incentive mechanism, stimulate innovation capacity of the whole society to actively promote the creation of the auxiliary mechanism of technological innovation, diffusion of comparative advantage of patent the object of expansion and other measures to stimulate the patent of utility patent, achieve maximum output, to increase the social welfare.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D997.1

【引证文献】