信用证项下进口押汇法律问题探究

发布时间：2018-04-03 21:36

本文选题：信用证项下进口押汇　切入点：让与担保　出处：《中国政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着国际金融与贸易的飞速发展,国际贸易融资业务凭借其高需求性和高成长性在商业银行国际结算业务中的占比明显提高。尤其是随着中国加入WTO以后,我国进出口贸易的快速发展与增长,进出口贸易商对进出口贸易融资的需求日益增加,而信用证项下进口押汇由于其方便快捷的业务特点,成为了国际贸易融资中最常使用的短期融资方式之一,更是成为国内商业银行市场竞争的重点。但是,由于我国进口押汇业务中基础财产权利性质不明,押汇申请人与押汇行之间的关系无法确定,导致进口押汇业务在我国找不到与之对应的专门法律规范,进而使银行在进口押汇中的权利处于一个得不到法律有效保障的尴尬境地;与此同时,在复杂的法律环境中,由于国际上对进口押汇的法律性质、法律关系、让与担保、信托收据等规定都有着不同的观点和规定,而国内不同银行则因袭了两大法系中不同做法,这造成了目前各界对于进口押汇业务性质认识混乱;国内银行进口押汇实务操作不统一特别是进口押汇中的财产权利认定标准不一也使得法律风险大大增强。诸上因素都不利于进口押汇业务进一步发展,也不利于银行债权安全及相关权益的保障。本文主要是结合笔者在国内商业银行的工作经验和理论学习,通过对我国信用证项下进口押汇的法律关系,特别是就进口押汇中基础财产权利性质之争进行深入分析,一方面对信用证项下进口押汇的主要法律特征、担保性质等问题进行研究,另一方面重点对如何正确认识进口押汇法律关系关系和信托收据性质、建立健全当前法律制度、完善进口押汇业务制度,规避银行进口押汇中的法律风险,最大限度地保障商业银行在进口押汇中的债权安全进行探讨和建议。本文主要分为三个部分: 第一部分:对我国商业银行信用证项下进口押汇法律关系进行分析,并对其基础财产权利的法律性质进行评价; 第二部分:信用证项下进口押汇业务操作中由于不同操作模式所带来的法律风险及主要原因分析; 第三部分:借鉴国际实践经验,对于进口押汇中的法律风险防范提出相关建议。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of international finance and trade, the proportion of international trade financing business in the international settlement business of commercial banks is obviously increased by virtue of its high demand and high growth.Especially with the rapid development and growth of China's import and export trade after China's entry into WTO, the demand of import and export traders for import and export trade financing is increasing day by day.It has become one of the most commonly used short-term financing methods in international trade financing, and has become the focus of market competition of domestic commercial banks.However, because of the unclear nature of the basic property rights in the import documentary bill business in China, the relationship between the applicant and the bank cannot be determined, leading to the fact that the import documentary bill business cannot find the corresponding special legal norms in our country.In the meantime, in the complex legal environment, due to the legal nature of the international legal nature of import bills, the legal relationship, the transfer of security, the bank's rights in the import bill of exchange are in an awkward position where the law is not effectively protected by the law, and at the same time, in the complex legal environment,Trust receipt and other provisions have different views and regulations, while different banks in China have inherited different practices in the two legal systems, which has resulted in confusion about the nature of the import documentary bill business from all walks of life.The different standards of property rights in domestic banks especially in import bills also increase the legal risk greatly.The above factors are not conducive to the further development of import bills, the security of bank claims and the protection of related rights and interests.This article mainly combines the author's working experience and theoretical study in domestic commercial banks, through the deep analysis of the legal relationship of the import documentary bill under our country's letter of credit, especially the dispute about the nature of the basic property right in the import documentary bill.On the one hand, it studies the main legal characteristics and the nature of guarantee of import bills under letters of credit. On the other hand, it focuses on how to correctly understand the legal relationship of import documents and the nature of trust receipts, so as to establish and improve the current legal system.To perfect the business system of import bill of exchange, to avoid the legal risk in the bank's import bill of exchange, and to ensure the security of the creditor's rights of the commercial bank in the import bill of exchange to the maximum extent.This paper is divided into three parts:The first part is the analysis of the legal relationship of the import documentary bill under the letter of credit of the commercial banks in China, and the evaluation of the legal nature of the basic property rights of the commercial banks.The second part: the analysis of the legal risk and the main reasons in the operation of the import bill under the letter of credit because of the different operation mode.The third part: draw lessons from the international practice experience, and put forward the relevant suggestions for the legal risk prevention in the import documentary bill.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.282;D996.2;F740.4

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