惩治恐怖主义犯罪立法研究

发布时间：2018-04-04 01:02

本文选题：恐怖主义犯罪　切入点：反恐国际公约　出处：《大连海事大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：21世纪以来,恐怖主义犯罪在全球蔓延,对国际社会的和平和安全构成严重威胁,成为全球的公害。中国也未能幸免于恐怖主义犯罪的毒害,尤其是“东突”等恐怖组织实施的一系列恐怖事件,严重破坏了中国社会秩序、造成了巨大人身伤亡和财产损失。为应对恐怖主义犯罪,中国政府一方面积极加入反恐的国际公约；另一方面通过修改和完善国内法作出应对。尽管如此,中国的惩治恐怖主义犯罪的立法远未尽善尽美,与国际公约的标准和其他国家的立法相比,还存在一定差距。为建立科学、完备的立法体系,通过法律手段对恐怖主义犯罪进行有效的防控、惩治,迫切需要研究国际社会和其他国家的反恐法的基本理论和实践经验,为完善惩治中国的恐怖主义犯罪立法提供理论支撑。第一部分研究了惩治恐怖主义犯罪的基本理论,内容包括恐怖主义犯罪概念的界定,恐怖主义犯罪的性质,惩治恐怖主义犯罪立法的指导思想和基本原则,这些问题是本文研究的逻辑起点。第二部分研究了惩治恐怖主义犯罪的国际立法及评价。国际公约的立法模式采用的是类型化反恐模式,随着恐怖主义犯罪的发展,制定全面反恐公约将是未来的发展趋势。国际反恐公约虽然有助于国际社会开展反恐国际合作,但也有一定的局限性,最终仍有赖于各个主权国家的国内法对恐怖主义犯罪进行实质性制裁。第三部分研究了世界主要国家惩治恐怖主义犯罪立法及其对中国的启示。各国基于法律传统和国情的不同,采纳了分散式、专项式、复合式立法模式,实体法为恐怖主义犯罪设置了若干罪名和刑罚,针对恐怖主义犯罪的特殊性还专门设立的特别诉讼程序,为打击恐怖主义犯罪,还制定了反恐专门法。这些国家的立法技术、立法价值取向值得我们参考,但同时我们应当合理借鉴立法经验,汲取教训。第四部分研究了中国惩治恐怖主义犯罪的立法。从我国的惩治恐怖主义犯罪的立法沿革和现状考察,我国采用的是分散式立法模式,处于正在向复合式迈进的过渡阶段。中国的立法立足于中国国情,合理借鉴国外经验,对国际公约作出了回应,但仍存在诸多的缺憾。第五部分研究了中国惩治恐怖主义犯罪的立法完善。针对上述缺憾,应从实体法、程序法、反恐专门法等方面进行完善,并注意各个法律之间的协调、衔接。
[Abstract]:Since the 21st century, the crime of terrorism has spread all over the world, which poses a serious threat to the peace and security of the international community and becomes a global public hazard.China has also not been spared the poison of terrorist crimes, especially a series of terrorist incidents carried out by terrorist organizations such as East Turkistan, which have seriously damaged China's social order and caused enormous personal casualties and property losses.In order to deal with the crime of terrorism, the Chinese government, on the one hand, has actively acceded to the international conventions on terrorism; on the other hand, it has responded by modifying and perfecting domestic laws.However, China's legislation to punish the crime of terrorism is far from perfect, compared with the standards of international conventions and the legislation of other countries, there is still a certain gap.In order to establish a scientific and complete legislative system and to effectively prevent and punish terrorist crimes through legal means, there is an urgent need to study the basic theory and practical experience of the international community and other countries in the field of counter-terrorism laws,To provide theoretical support for perfecting the legislation to punish the crime of terrorism in China.The first part studies the basic theory of punishing terrorist crime, including the definition of terrorist crime concept, the nature of terrorist crime, the guiding ideology and basic principles of punishing terrorism crime legislation.These problems are the logical starting point of this paper.The second part studies the international legislation and evaluation of the crime of terrorism.The legislative model of international conventions adopts the type of anti-terrorism model. With the development of terrorist crimes, it will be the future development trend to formulate comprehensive anti-terrorism conventions.Although the international anti-terrorism convention is helpful to the international community to carry out the international cooperation against terrorism, it also has some limitations, and ultimately it still depends on the domestic laws of each sovereign state to carry on the substantive sanction to the terrorist crime.The third part studies the legislation of punishing terrorism and its enlightenment to China.Based on the differences in legal traditions and national conditions, countries have adopted a decentralized, special and composite legislative model, and substantive laws have set a number of charges and penalties for terrorist crimes.Special procedures have also been set up to combat the particularity of terrorist crimes, and a special law against terrorism has also been formulated to combat terrorist crimes.The legislative technology and legislative value orientation of these countries are worthy of our reference, but at the same time, we should learn from the legislative experience reasonably and draw lessons from them.The fourth part studies the legislation of punishing the crime of terrorism in China.From the legislative evolution and present situation of punishing terrorist crimes in our country, our country adopts a decentralized legislative model, which is in the transition stage to compound type.China's legislation is based on China's national conditions, reasonable reference to foreign experience, to respond to international conventions, but there are still many shortcomings.The fifth part studies the legislative perfection of punishing the crime of terrorism in China.In view of the above shortcomings, we should perfect the substantive law, the procedural law, the special law against terrorism and pay attention to the coordination and convergence of the various laws.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D997.9

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