《国际水道非航行使用法公约》被认可的区域差异性

发布时间：2018-04-09 17:03

本文选题：国际水道非航行使用法公约　切入点：缔约国　出处：《地理学报》2017年02期

【摘要】：《国际水道非航行使用法公约》是第一个生效、旨在实现跨境水资源公平合理利用的全球公约,但《公约》原则与条款争议造成缔约国数量有限,综合影响力受到削减。利用《全球跨境流域》、《国际淡水条约数据库》、《世界环境协定》等数据库信息等,确定《公约》缔约国的国际河流地理位置,结合各缔约国水资源及利用现状、跨境水资源分布及区域合作开发状况、《公约》原则和争议条款等,分析、判断缔约国的区域及目标差异特征,结果表明:1缔约国仅分布于欧洲、亚洲和非洲3个地区36国家,《公约》被认可程度低、影响力有限;2《公约》在平衡上下游权利与义务中对下游国谋求水开发利益更为有利,下游国缔约意愿更强、对其认可度最高;《公约》对中游、边界及上下游均衡及支流地区的流域国有制衡作用,影响着流域国的缔约愿意;3缺水状况和位居下游、国际河流地位重要及对跨境水资源的依赖驱使相关国家不断寻求增强对跨境水资源管控能力的途径,缔结《公约》成为一项重要选择;4区域性水法的发展与实践是流域国缔结《公约》的基础,绝大多数国家的缔约意愿多源于对水资源合作开发实践,而流域下游及中游国家则源于跨境水资源合作机制建设和水资源合作开发两个方面的经验。
[Abstract]:The Convention on the Law of the Non-navigational uses of International watercourses is the first global convention to achieve the equitable and rational utilization of transboundary water resources. However, the dispute over the principles and provisions of the Convention results in a limited number of contracting States and reduced comprehensive influence.Making use of such databases as "Global Cross-Border Watershed", "International Freshwater Treaty Database", "World Environment Agreement", etc., to determine the geographical location of international rivers in the Contracting parties to the Convention, taking into account the water resources and utilization status of each Contracting Party,The distribution of transboundary water resources and the status of regional cooperation and development, the principles of the Convention and the provisions of the dispute, etc., are analyzed, and the characteristics of regional and objective differences among the contracting parties are judged. The results show that one of the parties is only located in Europe.36 countries in three regions of Asia and Africa, with low level of recognition of the Convention and limited influence. [2] the Convention is more favourable to downstream countries in pursuing the interests of water development in balancing upstream and downstream rights and obligations, and is more willing to conclude downstream countries,The Convention has the highest degree of recognition, and the Convention has a balance on the middle reaches, the boundary and the upper and lower reaches, and tributaries, which has an impact on the contracting willingness of the basin countries to lack water and to be in the lower reaches.The importance of international rivers and their dependence on transboundary water resources drive countries to seek ways to enhance their capacity to manage transboundary water resources,The conclusion of the Convention has become an important choice. The development and practice of regional water law is the basis of the conclusion of the Convention by the basin countries, and most of the contracting wishes of the majority of countries originate from the practice of cooperative development of water resources.The downstream and middle reaches of the basin derive from the experiences of cross-border water resources cooperation mechanism construction and water resources cooperation development.
【作者单位】：云南大学亚洲国际河流中心;云南省国际河流与跨境生态安全重点实验室;
【基金】：国家重点研发计划(2016YFA0601601) 国家自然科学基金重点项目(U1202232) 国家社会科学基金重点项目(11AZD04)~~
【分类号】：D993.5

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