日本排放核废液入海的国家责任研究

发布时间：2018-04-10 11:57

本文选题：福岛核事故 + 核废液　；参考：《辽宁大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着现今石化能源的日益减少和环境问题的加重,人们越来越认识到核能的发展和利用在将来社会中的重要作用。与传统的石化能源相比,核能有着燃烧清洁、高效并且成本低等优势。因此,发展利用核能日渐成为世界各国的选择,各国纷纷逐渐选择加大对核能的开发利用并逐渐的代替传统石化能源。但人们也在发展利用核能的过程中发现,核能的利用过程中一旦出现事故,其带来的危害后果要比传统事故严重的多,每次都会给人们带来巨大的损害和教训。2011年的3月,日本发生了 9级强烈地震,地震并引发了海啸,地震及海啸的共同作用使得日本当时福岛第一核电站发生了泄漏,这次由地震和海啸所引发的核泄漏是继前苏联切尔诺贝利核事故后最严重的核泄漏核污染事件,此事故随后就引起了国际社会的高度关注,东电公司在处理此次核事故的过程中因为行为和做法不当加剧了这次核事故的危害和影响,但接下来日本政府授意并下令将含有所谓低浓度放射性污水排入海洋的行为和做法引起国际社会的一片哗然和不满,世界各国纷纷将不满和指责指向了日本政府。因为核污染所造成的危害范围十分广,而不管在什么领域,损害的发生往往也意味着责任的产生,通常当环境损害发生后,接下来就要明确事故的行为者和责任的承担者,从而使受害者能够尽快的得到其应得的赔偿。想要妥善的解决核污染所带来的损害问题,有效的对造成环境损害的法律责任进行追究十分有必要。这就要求在追究当事国的相关责任时,必须遵循国际法的有关要求,并依据国际法中的各项有关核污染的法律和相关机制。日本此次私自将核废液排入海洋的行为违背了其参加的《联合国海洋法公约》、《伦敦倾废公约》、《及早通报核事故公约》以及《核安全公约》的宗旨和相关规定,因此此次排放核废液入海所带来的对环境及人员损害的不利后果的责任应由日本及东电公司承担。对事故中国家责任的承担进行明确,既能保证受害者及时有效的提出赔偿请求,从而维护自己的合法权益,又能够促使事故的当事国日后进一步的加强对核设施的管理和提高对环境的保护意识。
[Abstract]:With the increasing decrease of fossil energy and the aggravation of environmental problems, more and more people realize that the development and utilization of nuclear energy will play an important role in the future society.Compared with traditional fossil energy, nuclear energy has the advantages of clean combustion, high efficiency and low cost.Therefore, the development and utilization of nuclear energy has gradually become the choice of countries in the world, countries have gradually chosen to expand the development and utilization of nuclear energy and gradually replace the traditional fossil energy.However, in the process of developing the use of nuclear energy, people have also found that once there is an accident in the process of using nuclear energy, its harmful consequences are much more serious than those of traditional accidents, and each time it brings great damage and lessons to people.There was a magnitude 9 earthquake in Japan, which triggered a tsunami, and the combined effect of the earthquake and tsunami caused a leak at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in Japan at that time.The nuclear leakage caused by the earthquake and tsunami was the most serious nuclear pollution incident since the Chernobyl nuclear accident in the former Soviet Union, which has subsequently aroused great concern from the international community.In the course of handling the nuclear accident, Tepco aggravated the harm and impact of the nuclear accident because of improper conduct and practices.But then the Japanese government directed and ordered the release of so-called low-level radioactive sewage into the sea, causing international uproar and discontent, which the world pointed at the Japanese government.Because the scope of harm caused by nuclear pollution is very wide, and in any field, the occurrence of damage often means the generation of liability, usually when the environmental damage occurs, it is necessary to identify the actors of the accident and the person responsible for the accident.So that victims can get their due compensation as soon as possible.In order to properly solve the damage caused by nuclear pollution, it is necessary to effectively investigate the legal liability for environmental damage.This requires that the relevant requirements of international law and the laws and mechanisms relating to nuclear pollution in international law should be followed in order to hold the States concerned accountable.Japan's private discharge of nuclear waste into the sea violates the purposes and relevant provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the London dumping Convention, the Convention on early Notification of a Nuclear accident and the Convention on Nuclear Safety, to which Japan is a party.Therefore, Japan and Tepco should be held responsible for the adverse effects of environmental and human damage caused by the discharge of nuclear waste into the sea.A clear definition of the responsibility of the State in the event of an accident can ensure that the victim can timely and effectively file a claim for compensation, thereby safeguarding his or her legitimate rights and interests.It can further enhance the management of nuclear facilities and environmental protection.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D993.5

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