多边环境条约的实施机制及其发展趋势

发布时间：2018-04-10 14:12

本文选题：多边环境条约 + 实施机制　；参考：《华东政法大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：自1972年斯德哥尔摩环境大会之后，国际社会缔结了为数众多的多边环境条约。然而，仅仅是多边环境条约的缔结并不能代表相关领域环境问题得到成功解决。事实上，多边环境条约的不履行问题阻碍着这些条约在全球环境保护中发挥的功效。这种不履行问题可能缔约国缺乏履行意愿造成的，但更多情况下是由于缔约国缺乏履行条约的能力和资源而造成的。因此，国际社会将关注点投向了多边环境条约实施机制的建立和完善上，，意图以此来保证和促进国际环境条约的有效实施。而这些多边环境条约的实施机制不仅需要解决和修复条约的不履行，也需要致力于预防这种不履行。本文将介绍包括条约实施促进机制、监督机制和遵约机制在内的多边环境条约实施机制及其发展趋势。这些实施机制主要是由条约的下设机构负责运行的，这类条约机构主要由缔约方大会、秘书处和专门机构组成。其中，多边环境条约实施的促进机制负责帮助缔约方——特别是发展中国家缔约方——增强其履约能力，并为它们提供履约资源。这种促进机制主要包括资金支持机制及技术合作、技术转让机制。多边环境条约的监督机制负责监督缔约方对条约义务的履行情况，并为条约其他实施机制提供相关信息和资料。多边环境条约的遵约机制则专注于条约不履行的解决和修复上。这些实施机制共同运作的，从而更好地保障了多边环境条约的有效实施。此外，通过对上述多边环境条约实施机制的介绍和分析，可以认识到这些实施机制一些共同特点或发展趋势，包括这些实施机制的预防性、促进性、非对抗性和非强制性。
[Abstract]:Since the Stockholm Environmental Conference in 1972, the international community has concluded a large number of multilateral environmental treaties.In fact, the nonimplementation of multilateral environmental treaties hinders their effectiveness in global environmental protection.This problem of non-compliance may be the result of a lack of will on the part of States parties, but in many cases it is due to a lack of capacity and resources on the part of States parties to implement the treaty.Therefore, the international community pays attention to the establishment and improvement of the implementation mechanism of multilateral environmental treaties, with the intention of ensuring and promoting the effective implementation of international environmental treaties.The implementation mechanism of these multilateral environmental treaties needs not only to resolve and repair the non-compliance, but also to work to prevent it.This paper will introduce the multilateral environmental treaty enforcement mechanism including treaty enforcement promotion mechanism, monitoring mechanism and compliance mechanism and its development trend.These implementation mechanisms are operated primarily by the treaty bodies, which are composed mainly of the conferences of the parties, the Secretariat and the specialized agencies.This kind of promotion mechanism mainly includes financial support mechanism and technical cooperation, technology transfer mechanism.The monitoring mechanism of multilateral environmental treaties is responsible for monitoring the parties' compliance with their treaty obligations and providing relevant information and information for other treaty enforcement mechanisms.The compliance mechanism of multilateral environmental treaties focuses on the settlement and repair of treaty noncompliance.These implementation mechanisms work together to better ensure the effective implementation of multilateral environmental treaties.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996.9

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