用尽当地救济原则研究

发布时间：2018-04-11 23:11

本文选题：外交保护 + 用尽当地救济　；参考：《华东政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为国际法领域一项长久形成的制度,外交保护在国际法律实践中发挥着重要作用。正是认识到了规范外交保护制度的重要性和迫切性,联合国国际法委员会经过多年研究,于2004年起草了《外交保护条款草案》(以下称“草案”)交付联合国大会讨论,并在2004年和2006年分别一读和二读通过了该草案,并且将外交保护的议题也列入了2010年65届会议议程。用尽当地救济原则经过数百年的发展已经成为了外交保护制度中必不可缺少的一项条件,这一国际习惯法规则的产生和发展有着深刻的国际法理论基础,也得到了国际社会的一致认可,实践中也存在诸多判决支持用尽当地救济原则的适用,但是这一原则现今仍旧存在很大的不确定性,本文正是从研究用尽当地救济原则的理论基础出发,对其产生发展和适用中的问题作进一步研究。第一部分主要分析用尽当地救济原则产生的背景和理论基础,其中包括了用尽当地救济原则的概念和渊源,以及作为用尽当地救济原则产生理论基础的国家主权原则等。同时,该部分还着重研究了用尽当地救济原则的性质这一长期有争议的问题,认为用尽当地救济原则具有实体法和程序法要求的双重属性。第二部分主要研究了卡尔沃主义与用尽当地救济原则的密切联系和区别,就理论和实践中对卡尔沃条款有效性的争论提出了判断的标准。第三部分就用尽当地救济原则中的具体问题展开研究。首先明确了用尽当地救济原则归属外交保护,不应当适用于直接损害一国国家利益的案件。而后,又对用尽当地救济原则在外交保护和领事保护中的作用进行了分析,更加明确用尽当地救济原则在实践中的作用。在具体适用问题上,文章分析了何为用尽当地救济以及用尽当地救济的例外情形,更加清晰的展现出用尽当地救济原则的适用。文章最后部分对外交保护制度和用尽当地救济原则现今的状况做了简要介绍。虽然《外交保护条款草案》中对于用尽当地救济原则已经有了明确规定,但是不难发现,《外交保护条款草案》中的相关条款对于争议问题的回答也是不完全和不具体的。因此我们有必要进一步对外交保护制度中的用尽当地救济原则进行分析和研究,从而更好的促进这一原则在个案中的适用。
[Abstract]:As a long-formed system in the field of international law, diplomatic protection plays an important role in international legal practice.Recognizing the importance and urgency of regulating the regime of diplomatic protection, the United Nations International Law Commission, after many years of study, prepared the draft articles on diplomatic Protection (hereinafter referred to as "the draft") in 2004 for discussion in the General Assembly of the United Nations,The draft had been adopted on first and second reading, respectively, in 2004 and 2006, and the topic of diplomatic protection had also been included in the agenda of the 65th session in 2010.The principle of exhaustion of local remedies has become an indispensable condition in the system of diplomatic protection after hundreds of years of development, and the emergence and development of this rule of customary international law has a profound theoretical basis of international law,It has also been unanimously recognized by the international community. In practice, there are also many judgments supporting the application of the principle of exhaustion of local remedies. However, there is still great uncertainty about this principle.Based on the theoretical basis of the principle of exhaustion of local remedies, this paper makes a further study on its emergence, development and application.The first part mainly analyzes the background and theoretical basis of the principle of exhaustion of local remedies, including the concept and origin of the principle of exhaustion of local remedies, and the principle of national sovereignty as the theoretical basis of the principle of exhaustion of local remedies.At the same time, this part also focuses on the issue of the nature of the exhaustion of local remedies, which is a controversial issue for a long time, and holds that the principle of exhaustion of local remedies has the dual attributes of substantive law and procedural law.The second part mainly studies the close relation and difference between Carbo doctrine and the principle of exhaustion of local remedies, and puts forward the criterion of judging the validity of Carbo clause in theory and practice.The third part studies the specific problems in the principle of exhaustion of local remedies.Firstly, it is clear that the principle of exhaustion of local remedies belongs to diplomatic protection and should not be applied in cases directly injurious to the national interests of a State.Then, the function of exhaustion of local remedies in diplomatic protection and consular protection is analyzed, and the role of exhaustion of local remedies in practice is more clearly defined.On the specific application, this paper analyzes what is the exhaustion of local remedies and the exception of exhaustion of local remedies, and more clearly shows the application of the principle of exhaustion of local remedies.The last part of the article briefly introduces the current situation of the system of diplomatic protection and the principle of exhaustion of local remedies.Although the principle of exhaustion of local remedies was clearly provided for in the draft articles on diplomatic Protection, it was not difficult to find that the relevant provisions in the draft articles on diplomatic protection were also incomplete and unspecific in their answers to the question of dispute.Therefore, we need to further analyze and study the principle of exhaustion of local remedies in the system of diplomatic protection, so as to better promote the application of this principle in individual cases.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D990

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