论TRIPS协议药品强制许可制度

发布时间：2018-04-12 18:10

本文选题：药品强制许可制度 + 公共健康权　；参考：《天津财经大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着禽流感、非典型性肺炎等传染病的不断爆发和流行,药品专利保护和公共健康之间的矛盾愈演愈烈,越来越多的公共健康安全问题暴露出来。为了解决不断升级的矛盾,《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》、《TRIPS协议与公共健康宣言》、《关于TRIPS协议和公共健康的多哈宣言第六段的执行决议》等国际条约对药品强制许可制度做了诸多规定,限制了药品专利权的滥用,维护了公共健康权利。这些规定逐渐被各国所接受并成为各国专利制度的重要组成部分,并对解决药品专利保护和公共健康权益二者之间的冲突起到了积极的协调与促进作用。但是,目前运用药品强制许可制度解决公共健康问题的成功案例却不是很多,这说明现阶段的药品强制许可制度在实际运用中仍存在一些问题。通过对国内外相关文献、实际案例以及TRIPS协议体制下有关药品强制许可制度的国际条约进行梳理、分析和总结,发现影响药品强制许可制度有效实施的原因较为复杂,除了知识产权人的私有利益与社会大众的公共利益之间的矛盾以及发展中国家和发达国家之间的经济利益之争外,还包括该制度所包含的药品范围过于狭窄、申请程序复杂、语言表述模糊、补偿标准过高等。因此,在TRIPS协议体制下对药品强制许可制度进行修改和完善首先必须树立起公平正义的价值取向,确保公共健康利益与私人权利发生冲突时应以公共权益优先的观念,辅以更加明确具体的规定。同时,为了应对药品强制许可制度的新发展,我国也应根据实际情况,不断加强与发展中国家的合作积极参与国际交流,改进我国专利保护制度,完善我国药品强制许可的相关制度和程序,以求能够最大限度的维护我国公民的公共健康权益。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the outbreak and prevalence of avian influenza, atypical pneumonia and other infectious diseases, the contradiction between drug patent protection and public health has become increasingly fierce, and more and more public health and safety problems have been exposed.To resolve escalating conflicts, international treaties such as the Agreement on Trade-Related aspects of intellectual property Rights (trips), the TRIPS Agreement and the Declaration on Public Health, and the implementation Resolution of paragraph 6 of the Doha Declaration on TRIPS and Public Health impose drug licensing on drugs.But the system made a lot of provisions,It limits the abuse of drug patent right and maintains the public health right.These regulations have gradually been accepted by countries and become an important part of patent system in various countries, and have played an active role in coordinating and promoting the conflict between the protection of drug patents and the rights and interests of public health.However, there are not many successful cases to solve the public health problems by using the drug compulsory licensing system, which indicates that there are still some problems in the practical application of the drug compulsory licensing system at the present stage.Through combing, analyzing and summing up the relevant literature, actual cases and international treaties about compulsory drug licensing system under the TRIPS agreement system, it is found that the reasons that affect the effective implementation of the drug compulsory licensing system are quite complex.In addition to the contradiction between the private interests of intellectual property owners and the public interests of the community as well as the economic interests of developing and developed countries, the system also includes too narrow a range of medicines and complex application procedures.The language is vague, the standard of compensation is too high.Therefore, to modify and perfect the compulsory drug licensing system under the TRIPS agreement system, we must first set up the value orientation of fairness and justice to ensure that the public health interests and private rights conflict should take the public rights and interests first.Be accompanied by clearer and more specific provisions.At the same time, in order to cope with the new development of compulsory drug licensing system, China should constantly strengthen its cooperation with developing countries to actively participate in international exchanges and improve its patent protection system, according to the actual situation.In order to protect the public health rights and interests of Chinese citizens, we should perfect the relevant system and procedure of compulsory drug licensing in China.
【学位授予单位】：天津财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D997.1

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