国际托收制度及其当事人的法律关系研究

发布时间：2018-04-13 06:49

本文选题：托收 + 托收统一规则　；参考：《复旦大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：托收是国际贸易中普遍采用的支付方式之一。托收具有以商业信用为基础、进出口双方资金负担不平衡、结算简单快捷且费用低的特点。依据是否附有商业单据,托收可以分为光票托收和跟单托收。跟单托收根据交单条件不同,又可划分为付款交单和承兑交单。付款交单又可进一步分为即期付款交单和远期付款交单。其中远期付款交单风险较大且具有较多不确定性。目前调整国际托收的国际贸易惯例为URC522。在适用URC522时,需要适用相应国内法进行解释。因此,在托收纠纷案件中,可能出现管辖权冲突以及适用法律冲突的情形。URC522中规定了广泛的银行免责的情形,然而适用这些情形的前提是银行的托收行为符合“善意和合理谨慎”。但善意和合理谨慎这一原则在理解和适用上也可能出现不一致情形。托收关系涉及到四方当事人,即委托人、托收行、代收行及付款人。其中委托人与付款人之间构成国际货物买卖合同项下的买卖关系,委托人与托收行之间构成代理关系,托收行与代收行之间亦为代理关系,然而对于委托人与代收行之间的关系,URC522及国际商会相关评论未明确作出指示。我国法学理论界对于委托人与代收行之间的关系主要存在无直接合同关系说、间接代理说、复代理说、共同代理说及侵权行为说。其中复代理说以复代理关系解释托收关系更符合托收的本质特征,也受到我国司法实践的支持。本文包含四章节内容：第一章简述托收的定义与特点、托收的分类、托收当事人及托收的程序。第二章分析了《托收统一规则》的演变过程,URC522的主要内容及其适用,在解决托收纠纷时可能产生的管辖权冲突和适用法律冲突,银行在URC522项下享有的广泛免责和应当遵守的善意和合理谨慎原则。第三章分析了托收中委托人、托收行、代收行及付款人之间的法律关系,指出委托人与代收行之间的法律关系的认定是托收中引起争议的问题。同时鉴于托收中诸多不确定因素,也提出委托人需要采取必要有效的风险防范措施。第四章分析我国法学理论界对于委托人与代收行之间关系的主要理论观点,包含无直接合同关系说、间接代理说、复代理说、共同代理说及侵权行为说等。同时也分析了我国司法实践中对于这一关系的定位和判决。
[Abstract]:Collection is one of the most popular methods of payment in international trade.Collection is based on commercial credit, uneven financial burden of both import and export, simple and quick settlement and low cost.Depending on whether commercial documents are attached, collection can be divided into bareticket collection and documentary collection.Documentary collection can be divided into D / P and D / A according to the terms of D / A.D / P can be further divided into D / P at sight and D / P on time.Among them forward payment D / D risk is higher and has more uncertainty.The current international trade practice for international collection is URC522.In the application of URC522, the corresponding domestic law should be applied for interpretation.Thus, in a collection dispute case, there may be a conflict of jurisdiction as well as a conflict of applicable law. URC522 provides for a wide range of bank exemptions,However, the application of these conditions is provided that the bank's collection acts in accordance with "good faith and reasonable caution."But the principles of good faith and reasonable care may also be inconsistent in understanding and application.The collection relationship involves four parties, that is, the principal, the collecting bank, the collecting bank and the payer.Among them, the relationship between the principal and the drawee constitutes the trading relationship under the international contract for the sale of goods, the relationship between the principal and the collecting bank constitutes an agency relationship, and the relationship between the collecting bank and the collecting bank is also an agency relationship,However, there is no clear indication as to the relationship between the client and the collecting bank, URC522 and the comments of the International Chamber of Commerce.There are no direct contract relation, indirect agency theory, compound agent theory, common agent theory and tort theory in the legal theory circle of our country.The theory of complex agency is more consistent with the essential characteristics of collection and is supported by judicial practice in our country.This article contains four chapters:The first chapter briefly describes the definition and characteristics of collection, the classification of collection, collection parties and collection procedures.The second chapter analyzes the main content and application of URC522, the conflicts of jurisdiction and applicable law that may arise in the settlement of collection disputes.The Bank enjoys broad exemptions under URC522 and the principles of good faith and reasonable care to be observed.The third chapter analyzes the legal relationship between the client, the collecting bank, the collecting bank and the payer, and points out that the confirmation of the legal relationship between the client and the collecting bank is a controversial issue in the collection.At the same time, in view of many uncertain factors in collection, the principal needs to take necessary and effective risk prevention measures.The fourth chapter analyzes the main theoretical views of the relationship between the principal and the collecting bank in the field of legal theory of our country, including the theory of no direct contract relationship, the theory of indirect agency, the theory of complex agency, the theory of joint agency and the theory of tort.At the same time, it also analyzes the orientation and judgment of this relationship in the judicial practice of our country.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.1

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