《巴黎协定》全球气候治理机制研究

发布时间：2018-04-15 11:34

本文选题：气候变化 + 气候治理　；参考：《辽宁大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：全球气候变化是国际社会所共同面临且急需应对的重要问题之一。近现代以来,温室气体的大量排放导致全球气温不断上升,世界各地干旱和强降水等极端天气频繁出现,严重危及了人类社会的发展。全球气候的变化不仅仅是自然因素导致的环境问题,更是人类在工业化过程的活动导致的结果。为应对气候变化问题,各国经过长时间的谈判和协商,通过签署国际环境公约来建立起全球气候治理机制,进而协调各国的气候减缓行动,合理分配减排国际义务。各国为了应对气候变化这个日益严峻的问题,达成《联合国气候变化框架公约》,其中初步设立了全球气候治理机制,并且逐步完善与发展被国际社会所普遍接受和认可的全球气候治理机制。《京都议定书》确立了对于发达国家有约束性减排目标的自上而下的全球气候治理机制,但是已经不能够完全满足全球气候治理方式转换的要求。各国最终在《巴黎协定》中达成气候问题的一致共识,全新的全球气候治理机制最终得以构建。当下,全球气候治理机制在《京都议定书》第二期减排承诺之后面临着重要的改革和转换。新机制的设立和完善是世界各国为应对日益恶化的全球气候环境亟待需求的。《巴黎协定》的全球气候治理机制中,各缔约方原则上依旧坚持共同但有区别的责任原则,但同时也将气候减缓义务的主体扩大到所有的缔约方。在具体机制上,规定了具体的制度来确保各国履行气候义务,采用国家自主贡献的自下而上的气候治理模式,不再强制性划定减排指标。在监督机制上,确立了全球盘点和减缓行动通报制度。此外,协定还加强化了气候治理的资金和技术支持制度。《巴黎协定》全球气候治理机制仍然有待各国在进一步谈判和协商中完善。首先,国家自主贡献仍有不确定的因素。各国自主申报减排指标的全球气候减排机制缺乏一定程度上缺乏必要的约束力。其次,资金和技术支持机制仍待细化。最后,具体的机制特别是损失损害条款需要继续完善。中国及时把握全球气候治理机制转型的机遇,并且努力参与到全球气候治理的国际行动中去。未来中国应在国内设立和完善减缓制度实现国家自主贡献,健全资金和技术制度支持,同时在国际上推动设立遵约机制。中国应与世界各国共同建立和完善全球气候治理机制,为全球气候减缓做出自己的贡献,推动建立“公平、有效、共赢”的全球气候体制。
[Abstract]:Global climate change is one of the most important issues facing the international community.Since modern times, a large number of greenhouse gas emissions have led to a rising global temperature, drought and heavy precipitation in various parts of the world such as extreme weather frequently appear, seriously endangering the development of human society.Global climate change is not only an environmental problem caused by natural factors, but also a result of human activities in the process of industrialization.In order to deal with the problem of climate change, after a long period of negotiation and consultation, countries establish a global climate governance mechanism by signing international environmental conventions, and then coordinate climate mitigation actions and rationally allocate international obligations to reduce emissions.In order to address the growing problem of climate change, countries reached the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change, which initially established a global climate governance mechanism,And gradually improve and develop the global climate governance mechanism that is generally accepted and recognized by the international community. The Kyoto Protocol establishes a top-down global climate governance mechanism with binding emission reduction targets for developed countries.However, it can not fully meet the requirements of the transformation of global climate governance.Countries finally reached a consensus on climate issues in the Paris Accords, and a new global climate governance mechanism was finally built.At present, the global climate governance mechanism is facing important reform and transformation after the second phase of the Kyoto Protocol emission reduction commitments.The establishment and improvement of the new mechanism is urgently needed by the countries of the world to cope with the deteriorating global climate environment. In the global climate governance regime of the Paris Agreement, the parties continue to adhere in principle to the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities,But it also extends the main body of climate mitigation obligations to all parties.In specific mechanisms, specific systems are provided to ensure that countries fulfil their climate obligations, adopt a bottom-up model of climate governance with national ownership, and no longer impose mandatory emission reduction targets.In the oversight mechanism, the global inventory and mitigation action notification system has been established.In addition, the agreement also strengthened the financial and technical support system for climate governance. The Paris Accord global climate governance regime remains to be refined by countries in further negotiations and consultations.First, there is still uncertainty about national ownership.There is a lack of necessary binding force in the global climate reduction mechanism, which each country reports its own emission reduction targets.Second, the financial and technical support mechanism is still to be refined.Finally, the specific mechanism, especially the loss damage clause needs to continue to improve.China grasps the opportunity of the transformation of the global climate governance mechanism, and tries to participate in the international action of global climate governance.In the future, China should set up and perfect the mitigation system in China to realize the independent contribution of the country, perfect the financial and technical system support, and promote the establishment of compliance mechanism in the international community.China should work with other countries to establish and improve the global climate governance mechanism, make its own contribution to global climate mitigation, and promote the establishment of a "fair, effective, win-win" global climate system.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D996.9;P467

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