中印跨界水资源开发利用法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-16 06:35

  本文选题：跨界水资源法 + 中印　； 参考：《武汉大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：在当前庞大人口总量、全球水危机和水资源紧张背景下,跨界水资源的开发利用已经成为诸多国家的必然选择,由此引发了国际水道国家之间的跨界水资源开发利用之争端。显然,国际社会已经意识到在全球范围内制定跨界水资源法的现实必要性。虽然目前国际社会的努力还尚未使跨界水资源的重要法律正式生效,但是其相关的重要法律文件已经构筑了一套初具雏形的跨界水资源法的原则、规则和制度体系。 本文旨在对中印跨界水资源的开发利用的现实需要、跨界水资源法的基本原理及其历史演变进行必要的梳理,并探讨中印跨界水资源的水权问题、分配问题、可持续发展问题及其争端解决机制等问题。加强对中印跨界水资源开发利用法律问题的深入研究,将为中印在跨界水资源上的开发利用实践提供了有益的理论参考。 本文主要研究中印跨界水资源开发利用的法律问题。具体而言,它分为八个部分。 绪论部分主要阐述研究中印跨界水资源开发利用法律问题的现实意义、国内外研究现状和研究方法。 第一章是关于中印跨界水资源开发利用概述。本章从跨界水资源的定义和类型入手,主要论述了当前中印跨界水资源开发利用的基础、两国的合作现状及当前存在的问题。冲突与合作是跨界水资源的共有的特征,中印跨界水资源亦不可避免。这进一步地引出了加强中印跨界水资源开发利用法律问题研究的必要性和现实意义。 第二章是跨界水资源法的法理分析。该部分主要包含跨界水资源法的法理基础及其演变进程。本章不但剖析了跨界水资源法的主体及研究对象-国际河流、国际湖泊和跨界含水层的相关法律制度以及其主体,而且从全球视角论述了跨界水资源法的演变进程,并提出跨界水资源法是国际法和国际水法的重要组成部分。 第三章阐述中印跨界水资源开发利用的水权问题。本章的主要内容包括四个方面：(1)国际法的主权观；(2)跨界水资源法的水权论；(3)中印跨界水资源的水权上的绝对性；(4)中印跨界水资源的水权上的相对性等。其中,重点对该水资源的水权的绝对性和相对性进行研究,并在多语境下、特别是气候变化背景下,深化了中印跨界水资源的水权认识,提出了一些应对措施。 第四章探讨中印跨界水资源开发利用的分配问题。论文先从中印跨界水资源开发利用的分配现状入手,客观地指出了当前该跨界水资源开发利用的分配问题,再援引中印跨界水资源分配的法理基础,之后再结合全球多种跨界水资源的分配模式实践,具体地评述了影响中印跨界水资源分配的四大因素,如水资源分配的目标、气候和水文、地下水、文化和宗教因素等。 第五章主要剖析中印跨界水资源开发利用的可持续发展问题。本部分先从可持续发展的含义着手,指出当前中印跨界水资源可持续发展所面临的主要问题,根据国际法、国际环境法、国际水法等相关理论,分析水资源环境保护的国内法、国际法基础,论证构建中印跨界环境影响评价法律机制的必要性和可行性,并提出多个方面的构建对策。 第六章涉及中印跨界水资源开发利用的争端解决机制。本部分不但审视涉水条约中的和平解决跨界水资源争端解决机制,而且还剖析以常设国际法院、国际法院和非政府组织构成的第三方在解决跨界水资源开发利用的争端中的作用,之后还论证了中印跨界水资源开发利用争端解决机制的现状及其构建的必要性和可行性,并从其外在基础和原则与方式,指出其构建的路径。 结论部分着重总结中印跨界水资源开发利用法律制度的特点和缺陷,并从国际社会、中国与印度、国际河流委员会管理机构、《联合国国际水道非航行使用法公约》即将生效之际、国际组织等方面有针对性地提出了完善建议。
[Abstract]:In the large population, the global water crisis and shortage of water resources under the background of the development and utilization of transboundary water resources has become the inevitable choice of many countries, which sparked international watercourses national water resources development and utilization of cross-border disputes. Obviously, the international community has realized that it is necessary to establish the transboundary water resources in the world inside. Although the efforts of the international community has yet to make an important law of transboundary water resources came into effect, but the relevant legal documents has built a set of international water resources law rudimentary principles, rules and systems.
This paper aims at practical needs of development and utilization of water resources in China and India border, the evolution of the basic principle and the history of international water resources law reviews, and discuss the problems of water rights, water resources and cross-border distribution, sustainable development problems and resolve disputes. To strengthen the research on Legal Problems of the development and utilization of transboundary water India resources will provide a beneficial reference for the development and utilization of transboundary water resources in the practice of China and India.
This paper mainly studies the legal issues of the development and utilization of China and India's cross boundary water resources. In particular, it is divided into eight parts.
The introduction part mainly expounds the practical significance of the research on the legal problems of the development and utilization of Sino Indian water resources, and the research status and research methods at home and abroad.
The first chapter is about the overview of the development and utilization of transboundary water resources in China and India. This chapter from the definition and types of transboundary water resources, mainly discusses the current development and utilization of transboundary water resources cooperation between China and India, the present situation of the two countries and the existing problems. The conflict and cooperation are the common features of transboundary water resources, water resources and India also cross this leads to the inevitable. Further strengthen China water resources development and utilization of cross-border legal issues on the necessity and practical significance.
The second chapter is the legal analysis of transboundary water resources law. The legal basis and the evolution process of this part mainly includes international water resources law. This chapter not only analyzes the main transboundary water resources law and the object of study of international legal system of international rivers, lakes and transboundary aquifers as well as its main body, and discusses from a global perspective the evolution of international water resources law, and put forward the international water resources law is an important part of international law and international law.
The third chapter expounds the problems in the development and utilization of water and transboundary water resources. The main contents of this chapter includes four aspects: (1) the sovereignty of international law; (2) International Water Resources Law of water rights theory; (3) the absolute water resources India water on transboundary water resources; (4) India border the water rights on the relativity. The study of relative and absolute focus on the water rights of water resources, and in many contexts, especially under the background of climate change, deepening water resources India cross-border water rights awareness, puts forward some countermeasures.
The fourth chapter discusses the development and utilization of transboundary water resources allocation problem between China and India. Firstly, from the current situation of the development and utilization of transboundary water resources allocation in China and India with objectively pointed out the development and utilization of water resources in the cross-border allocation problem, and then quoted the legal foundation of China and India transboundary water resources allocation, combined with the practice of distribution mode of transboundary water resources worldwide more specifically, comments on the four major factors influencing China India transboundary water resources allocation, such as the allocation of water resources, climate and hydrology, groundwater, cultural and religious factors.
The fifth chapter mainly analyzes the sustainable development and utilization of transboundary water resources in China and India. The first part from the implication of sustainable development, pointed out the main problems of water resources sustainable development in China and India facing cross, according to international law, international environmental law, international law and other related theories, analysis of domestic law of water resources and environmental protection, international foundation method, demonstrates the necessity and feasibility of the construction of the Sino Indian transboundary environmental impact assessment of the legal system, and puts forward countermeasures in many aspects.
The sixth chapter relates to the development and utilization of transboundary water resources and dispute settlement mechanism. This part not only examine the treaty in the peaceful settlement of wading transboundary water resources dispute settlement mechanism, but also to analyze the Permanent Court of international justice, the International Court of justice and non governmental organizations constitute the third party role in solving the water resources development and utilization of cross-border disputes, after demonstrates the necessity and feasibility of India transboundary water resources development and utilization of dispute settlement mechanism of the present situation of its construction, and from the external basis and principles and methods, and points out its construction path.
The conclusion part summarizes the characteristics of India and the defects of the legal system of water resources development and utilization of cross-border, and from the international community, Chinese and India, international rivers management committee, < Navigation > immediately before the commencement of the Convention on the law of international watercourses non United Nations, international organizations and puts forward suggestions.

【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D993.3
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本文编号：1757689