南极外大陆架划界法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-20 09:54

本文选题：南极 + 外大陆架　；参考：《复旦大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：白雪皑皑的南极洲是现今世界唯一没有确定主权归属和未开发的大陆。但随着人类对南极大陆认识的不断深入,其所具有的特殊政治、经济、科学以及军事价值使其成为诸多国家竞相争夺的对象。在南极主权纷争日趋激烈的背景下,1959年由美国、苏联、英国等12国签署的《南极条约》对各国对南极领土要求采取了既不承认,也不否认的“冻结”方式,暂时搁置了各国围绕南极洲领土归属的争议。但是,进入新世纪以来,随着国际社会对南极重要战略地位认识的进一步深化,以及全球资源与能源的日趋紧张,各国在南极的利益诉求开始转向南极外大陆架及其海域资源。英国、阿根廷等国以《南极条约》对南极海域及大陆架的模糊定位以及与联合国海洋法公约规定存在一定的冲突为契机,相继向联合国大陆架界限委员会提交南极海域外大陆架划界申请,试图谋求未来在南极的资源权利。此举引发国际社会的普遍关注,传统南极事务大国竞相参与南极外大陆架勘探与研究,以期为本国在南极的利益抢占先机。纵观中国涉南科学考察,虽然自然科学研究取得了丰硕成果,但从政治法律视角研究南极问题的成果非常有限,难以反映南极问题的最新发展。因此有针对性地研究南极大陆架及其海洋资源的权属及其法律问题,对于提升我国在南极事务上的发言权和影响力以及在南极资源的开发利用中争取主动都有着重要的战略意义。本文除引言与结束语外,共分四章。第一章介绍外大陆架的基本法律制度,包括大陆架的概念和历史发展并引申出外大陆架的定义和划界原则。第二章是本论文的主干,以《南极条约》为背景,阐述南极外大陆架争端的主要原因,详述最近阶段南极外大陆架申请情况。第三章评析《南极条约》体系与《联合国海洋法公约》的冲突和各自存在的漏洞和缺陷,指出存在主要法律问题。最后一章为南极外大陆架划界解决模式探究。
[Abstract]:The snow-capped Antarctica is the only continent in the world that has no claim and no development. However, with the deepening of human understanding of the Antarctic continent, its special political, economic, scientific and military values make it a competitive object for many countries. Against the background of an increasingly fierce dispute over sovereignty over Antarctica, the Antarctic Treaty, signed in 1959 by the United States, the Soviet Union, Britain and other 12 countries, has adopted a "freeze" approach that neither recognizes nor denies the claims of various countries to Antarctic territory. The dispute over the territory of Antarctica has been shelved for the time being. However, since entering the new century, with the further deepening of the international community's understanding of the important strategic position of Antarctica and the increasing tension of global resources and energy, the interests of various countries in Antarctica have begun to turn to the outer Antarctic continental shelf and its marine resources. Britain, Argentina, and other countries take the "Antarctic Treaty" as an opportunity for the ambiguous positioning of the Antarctic sea area and continental shelf and the existence of certain conflicts with the provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Applications for the delimitation of the outer continental shelf in the Antarctic area have been submitted to the United Nations Commission on the limits of the Continental Shelf one after another in an attempt to seek future resource rights in the Antarctic. This has aroused the general concern of the international community, and traditional Antarctic affairs powers are competing to participate in the exploration and research of the outer Antarctic continental shelf in order to seize the first opportunity for their own interests in Antarctica. A survey of China's scientific investigation into South Africa shows that although the study of natural science has achieved fruitful results, the research on Antarctica from the perspective of political law is very limited, and it is difficult to reflect the latest development of the Antarctic issue. Thus focusing on the ownership and legal aspects of the Antarctic continental shelf and its marine resources, It is of great strategic significance to enhance our country's voice and influence in Antarctic affairs and to strive for initiative in the exploitation and utilization of Antarctic resources. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this article is divided into four chapters. The first chapter introduces the basic legal system of the outer continental shelf, including the concept and historical development of the continental shelf, and extends the definition and delimitation principle of the outer continental shelf. The second chapter is the main part of this paper. Taking the Antarctic Treaty as the background, the paper expounds the main reasons of the dispute over the extra-Antarctic continental shelf, and gives a detailed description of the application situation of the extra-Antarctic continental shelf in the recent period. The third chapter analyzes the conflicts between the Antarctic Treaty system and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, and points out the main legal problems. The last chapter is the exploration of the model for the delimitation of the outer Antarctic continental shelf.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D993.5

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