承运人无单放货法律责任研究

发布时间：2018-04-22 00:31

本文选题：无单放货 + 物权凭证　；参考：《上海海事大学》2006年硕士论文

【摘要】：根据我国《海商法》以及国际航运惯例，承运人或其代理人必须凭正本提单放货，以保证提单持有人的合法权益。然而，在实践中，由于船舶周转的快速与提单流转相对滞后的矛盾，造成承运人常常被迫凭提单副本和保函放货，无单放货因而成为国际航运业一个久治不愈的“顽疾”。在此情况下，承运人将极有可能对提单持有人承担违约或侵权责任。本文首先从分析无单放货产生的原因开始，探讨了无单放货纠纷各相关人之间的关系；然后论述了提单权利的法律性质，得出提单兼具物权和债权效力，但提单在不同环节的功能是不同的观点；接下来叙述承运人无单放货法律责任的三种学说—侵权说、违约说和责任竞合说，，认为在我国当前海商法律框架下，承运人无单放货的法律责任应认定为违约；最后阐述了记名提单的识别问题以及各国对记名提单下承运人是否应凭单放货的不同规定，并肯定了在我国《海商法》下承运人或其代理人也必须凭单放货的观点。以上是本文的主要内容，笔者参照了我国及英美等国的有关立法及判例，运用比较法学的研究方法，结合各国的法律规定和司法实践展开论述，对无单放货现象及相关法律问题进行了较详细的阐述，谨希望通过此文，使我们对无单放货有一定的了解并引起足够的重视。
[Abstract]:According to China's Maritime Law and international shipping practice, the carrier or his agent must release the goods on the original bill of lading in order to guarantee the legitimate rights and interests of the holder of the bill of lading. However, in practice, due to the contradiction between the rapid turnover of ships and the relative lag in the circulation of bills of lading, the carrier is often forced to deliver goods on the basis of copies of bills of lading and guarantees, and the delivery of goods without bills of lading has become a persistent "disease" in the international shipping industry. In this case, the carrier will most likely be liable for breach of contract or tort against the holder of the bill of lading. This paper begins with the analysis of the causes of the delivery of goods without bill of lading, probes into the relationship between the parties involved in the dispute of delivery of goods without bill of lading, and then discusses the legal nature of the right of bill of lading, and draws the conclusion that the bill of lading has both real right and creditor's rights. However, the functions of bill of lading in different links are different from each other. The following three theories of carrier's legal liability for delivery without bill of lading are described: tort theory, breach of contract theory and concurrent liability theory, and holds that under the current legal framework of maritime commerce in our country, The legal liability of the carrier for delivery of goods without documents should be considered as breach of contract. Finally, the identification of bearer bills of lading and the different provisions of various countries on whether the carrier should deliver goods on paper under the bill of lading are discussed. The viewpoint that the carrier or his agent must release the goods with documents under the Maritime Law of China is affirmed. The above is the main content of this paper, the author refers to the relevant legislation and jurisprudence of China and the United States and the United States and other countries, using the research method of comparative law, combined with the legal provisions of various countries and judicial practice to begin to discuss. The phenomenon of undocumented delivery and related legal problems are expounded in detail. Through this article, we hope that we will have a certain understanding of the delivery of goods without bill and draw enough attention to it.
【学位授予单位】：上海海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：D922.294

【共引文献】