药品专利强制许可研究

发布时间：2018-04-22 00:33

本文选题：药品专利 + 强制许可　；参考：《郑州大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：自从1981年第一例艾滋病在美国确认以来,就以迅猛的速度在全世界范围内传播着。到2007年10月底,我国累计报告艾滋病病毒感染者和病人223501例,死亡报告22205例。而艾滋病最严重的南非,4800万人口中有550万人都感染了艾滋病病毒,也就是说,9个人中就有一个是艾滋病病毒感染者。除了艾滋病,肺结核、疟疾、癌症、糖尿病等都在威胁着人们的生命。2010年刚露头的几乎能抵抗所有抗生素的“超级病毒”更是给我们敲响了警钟。虽然专利权所有人的私人利益应该予以保护,但是受到病痛折磨、生命濒临灭亡的无数生命更应该值得我们珍视。那么面对如此严重的公共健康问题,又该怎么解决呢? 从药品的角度来说,药品专利的强制许可是一个很好的办法,它可以利用政府的权威强制授予其他制药商生产仿制药品的权利从而以较低廉的价格为患者提供仿制药品。那么强制许可的概念是什么,又是如何发展起来的,到底起了什么样的作用,在现实生活中的应用会带来什么样的正面和负面作用,世界各国对此又是持怎样的看法呢?本文将就这些问题进行分析。本文主要从四个方面进行研究。第一部分主要论述了药品专利强制许可的概念、特点以及该制度的构建原则。第二部分主要讲述了药品专利强制许可的制度变迁,主要是从国际、国内两个层面来叙述的。第三部分主要讲述了药品专利强制许可的经典案例,并分析了授予药品专利强制许可的效果。第四部分主要从社会负担原则、药品专利强制许可的适用情形、补偿费用、使用范围等方面对其制度设计进行研究分析。
[Abstract]:Since the first AIDS case was confirmed in the United States in 1981, it has spread at a rapid rate around the world. By the end of October 2007, China had reported 223501 HIV infections and patients and 22205 deaths. In South Africa, where AIDS is most severe, 5.5 million out of 48 million people are infected with HIV, which means one in nine people is infected. Other than AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, cancer, diabetes and so on, they are threatening lives. The 2010 supervirus, which is resistant to almost all antibiotics, is a wake-up call. Although the private interests of patent owners should be protected, the countless lives that are suffering from illness and extinction should be valued. So how to solve such a serious public health problem? From the drug point of view, the compulsory licensing of drug patents is a good way to use the authority of the government to enforce the rights of other pharmaceutical manufacturers to produce generic drugs, thus providing generic drugs to patients at lower prices. So what is the concept of compulsory licensing, how to develop, what kind of role has been played, what kind of positive and negative effects will be brought about by the application in real life, and what are the views of countries around the world on this? This paper will analyze these problems. This article mainly carries on the research from four aspects. The first part mainly discusses the concept, characteristics and construction principles of compulsory licensing of drug patents. The second part mainly describes the institutional changes of compulsory licensing of drug patents, mainly from the international and domestic levels. The third part mainly describes the classic cases of drug patent compulsory licensing, and analyzes the effect of drug patent compulsory licensing. The fourth part mainly analyzes the system design from the aspects of the principle of social burden, the application of compulsory license of drug patent, the compensation cost, the scope of use and so on.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D997.1

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