WTO下中国原材料出口限制措施的合法性分析

发布时间：2018-04-22 14:21

本文选题：原材料 + 出口限制　；参考：《湖南师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着经济发展引发的环境污染、生态破坏问题日益严峻,各国纷纷制定环境保护规则、实施环境保护措施,在高度崇尚贸易自由化的WTO体系内,如何在坚持贸易自由化的前提下更好地保护环境或在坚持可持续发展的前提下贯彻贸易自由化发展,成为各国及国际社会关注的重点。“中国原材料限制措施案”正是在此背景下提交WTO争端解决机制,中国实施的对自由贸易产生限制性影响的出口措施能否得到WTO争端解决机制的认可成为本案的关键。该案的发生使得金融危机背景下资源的重要性日益凸显,如何协调自由贸易与环境保护之间的关系对WTO争端解决机制提出了新的挑战。针对申诉方的出口数量限制指控,我国可援引GATT第20条(g)款寻求豁免,关键在于结合我国实际详细剖析援引应符合的条件,在证明是否符合“与国内生产或消费一同实施”的要求时,我国存在一定的难度,应重视数据的证明效力,据理力争。关税作为GATT/WTO允许成员方采取的唯一合法措施却受到了申诉方的质疑,主要基于中国入世议定书中所承诺的“超WTO”义务,因此对于出口关税限制措施进行合法性分析的关键在于中国是否有权援引GATT-一般例外条款寻求豁免,在参考WTO相关案例及分析涉案条款的基础上,得出中国享有GATT一般例外条款援引权的结论。该案的发生应当引起深刻的反思,修改国内相关的法律法规以与WTO规则相符,并进一步完善国内资源保障体系,亦应充分参与WTO争端解决机制——不管是以原告、被告或第三方的身份,最大限度地维护自身的合法权益。
[Abstract]:With the environmental pollution caused by economic development and the increasingly serious ecological damage, many countries have formulated environmental protection rules and implemented environmental protection measures in the WTO system, which highly advocates trade liberalization. How to protect the environment better under the premise of trade liberalization or to carry out the development of trade liberalization under the premise of sustainable development has become the focus of attention of all countries and the international community. It is against this background that the "China Raw material restrictive measures case" is submitted to the WTO dispute settlement mechanism. Whether the export measures implemented by China which have restrictive effects on free trade can be approved by the WTO dispute settlement mechanism is the key to this case. The occurrence of this case makes the importance of resources more and more prominent in the context of the financial crisis. How to coordinate the relationship between free trade and environmental protection poses a new challenge to the dispute settlement mechanism of WTO. In response to the applicant's claim of export quantity restriction, China can invoke Article 20 of GATT to seek exemption. The key lies in the detailed analysis of the conditions that should be met by the invocation in the light of the actual situation in our country. It is difficult for our country to prove whether it meets the requirement of "carrying out with domestic production or consumption", so we should attach importance to the validity of data proof and argue hard for it. Tariffs, the only legal measure allowed to be taken by members of the GATT/WTO, have been questioned by the complainants, largely on the basis of China's "super WTO" obligations under the WTO Protocol. Therefore, the key to analyzing the legality of export tariff restriction measures lies in whether China has the right to invoke GATT- general exception clause to seek exemption, on the basis of referring to the relevant cases of WTO and analyzing the relevant clauses. The conclusion that China enjoys the right to invoke the general exception clause of GATT. The occurrence of the case should cause profound reflection, modify the relevant domestic laws and regulations to conform to the WTO rules, further improve the domestic resource guarantee system, and participate fully in the WTO dispute settlement mechanism, whether it is the plaintiff, The identity of the defendant or third party, to maximize the protection of their legitimate rights and interests.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996.1

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