外资银行监管法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-23 07:47

本文选题：外资 + 银行监管　；参考：《中国政法大学》2005年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国的改革开放,外资银行也大量进入中国,外资银行对其所在国特别是发展中国家的经济发展既起了一定的积极作用,但同时也给这些国家带来消极影响。怎样合法有效的对外资银行进行监管成为了现阶段比较紧迫的问题。第一部分,阐明了外资银行对所在国是既有积极作用又有消极影响的,强调了加强监管的必要性。第二部分,分别以新加坡、美国和德国为例,证明了发达国家对外资银行监管内容有一些共同点:都有一套比较完善的适合自身特点的法规体系,对外资银行设立条件、业务范围、享受的权利、义务等方面都作出了明确规定,而且法律的执行相当严格;注重利用法律法规建立防范各类风险的机制,并以此为核心形成了一整套完整的技术监管手段体系,即预防性的事前监管、银行检查或稽核、保护性的事后救助监管。第三部分,分析巴塞尔协议及其修订稿——新资本协议,她是国际银行监管最重要的系统规则。新资本协议较之旧资本协议的最大创新之处,在于不将资本监管视野局限在资本充足性监管上,而是最低资本、外部监管评估和市场约束三大支柱三管齐下,并特别强调三大支柱应互为挚肘,低水平或局部地实施某一个或某两个支柱均不足以确保银行经营的稳健性。我国暂时还未完全按新资本协议的要求来进行监管,但是在可预见的将来,新资本协议在我国的实施也是必然和必要的。第四部分,我国目前外资银行监管方面还存在以下问题:立法层次低,监管法规缺位;立法原则不明确:监管法律体系不完善;监管主体不完善;立法与WTO规则有差距;与巴塞尔委员会的相关要求有差距。我们应该在下面几个角度和方面来着力改进我国外资银行监管法律现状:外资银行的市场准入监管;外资银行的业务运作及风险管理;完善外资银行市场退出监管机制;建立外资银行行业公会;明确金融监管者的职责和权限,完善监管程序;制定专门的《外资银行法》,健全监管法律体系;我们应根据巴塞尔新资本协议框架并借鉴西方发达国家的经验来加强我国对外资银行的法制监管,避免国际金融风险危及到国Qg金融体系的安全与稳定。
[Abstract]:With the reform and opening up of China, foreign banks have also entered China in large numbers. Foreign banks not only play a positive role in the economic development of their host countries, especially in developing countries, but also have a negative impact on these countries at the same time. How to supervise foreign banks legally and effectively has become an urgent problem at this stage. In the first part, the author clarifies that foreign banks have both positive and negative effects on the host country, and emphasizes the necessity of strengthening supervision. The second part, taking Singapore, the United States and Germany as examples, respectively, proves that developed countries have some common points in the content of supervision of foreign banks: they all have a relatively perfect system of laws and regulations suitable for their own characteristics, and conditions for the establishment of foreign banks. The scope of business, enjoyment of rights, obligations, and other aspects have been clearly defined, and the implementation of the law is very strict; pay attention to the use of laws and regulations to establish mechanisms to prevent all kinds of risks, Based on this, a complete set of technical supervision means system is formed, that is, preventive prior supervision, bank inspection or audit, protective ex post rescue supervision. The third part analyzes the Basel Accord and its revision, the New Capital Accord, which is the most important system rule of international bank supervision. The biggest innovation of the new capital agreement compared with the old capital agreement is that the view of capital supervision is not confined to the supervision of capital adequacy, but the three pillars of minimum capital, external supervision evaluation and market constraint. In particular, it is emphasized that the three pillars should be mutually binding, and the low or partial implementation of one or two pillars is not sufficient to ensure the stability of the banking operation. At present, China has not completely complied with the requirements of the new capital agreement, but in the foreseeable future, the implementation of the new capital agreement in our country is necessary and necessary. In the fourth part, the following problems still exist in the supervision of foreign banks in our country: low level of legislation, absence of regulations, unclear principles of legislation: imperfect legal system of supervision, imperfect subject of supervision, disparity between legislation and WTO rules; There is a gap with the requirements of the Basel Committee. We should try our best to improve the legal situation of foreign bank supervision in the following aspects: market access supervision of foreign banks, business operation and risk management of foreign banks, improvement of market exit supervision mechanism of foreign banks; To establish a foreign bank trade association; to clarify the duties and powers of financial regulators, to improve the regulatory procedures; to formulate a special "Foreign Bank Law", and to improve the regulatory legal system; According to the framework of the new Basel Capital Accord and the experience of the western developed countries, we should strengthen the legal supervision of foreign banks in China so as to avoid international financial risks endangering the security and stability of the QG financial system of our country.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：D922.281

【参考文献】