论GATS国内规制必要性测试

发布时间：2018-04-23 09:25

本文选题：国内规制 + 必要性测试　；参考：《西南政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：必要性测试是认定一成员方国内措施是否符合服务贸易总协定(以下简称GATS)国内规制义务的核心与关键。鉴于服务贸易与货物贸易相比,具有无形性与多样性特征,传统的货物贸易监管方式对服务贸易很难奏效。在此背景下,国内规制措施成为成员方实现其国内政策目标的重要途径之一。但是,由于国内规制措施很容易被滥用,成为阻碍服务贸易自由化的壁垒。因此,恰当的划定国内规制的边界是平衡国内规制自主权与服务贸易自由化的基础。必要性测试正是认定一国内措施是否符合GATS义务的重要工具与必经之路。对国内措施必要性测试进行系统深入研究,不仅具有重要的理论意义,更具有迫切的现实意义。对必要性测试的充分认识可以帮助我国在相关的服务贸易争端中掌握主动权,也可以在我国实施国内措施时做好事前论证,避免成为其他成员方攻击的目标。本文综合运用了历史分析、文本分析与比较分析的研究方法,勾画出国内规制必要性测试的发展演变,通过对GATS国内规制条款进行系统的分析,对国内规制条款的结构框架、必要性测试的规制对象及概括性标准作出完整阐述。本文的重点是通过比较分析与实证分析,揭示国内规制必要性测试的诸多决定因素及分析路径。最后,通过分析各成员方对国内规制必要性测试的完善建议,从国际谈判与国内实施两个层面为我国提出应对策略。第一部分采用历史分析的研究方法,梳理国内规制的产生背景及其发展历程,揭示GATS框架下国内规制谈判已取得的成果,对国内规制工作组的职责及目前现状进行简要评析。第二部分采用文本分析的研究方法,首先对GATS国内规制条款的结构框架进行系统的阐述,通过对国内规制各条款进行较为详尽的剖析,展现国内规制义务的宏观图景,勾画出国内规制必要性测试在整个条款中所处的地位。其次,对国内规制必要性测试的规制对象进行深入研究,确定必要性测试调整的范围,为深入分析必要性测试的内涵奠定基础。最后,根据GATS国内规制条款,提炼出必要性测试的概括性标准,对比例性原则进行批判性分析,对不必要的贸易限制与不必要的负担进行比较研究,以更清晰的阐释必要性测试的实质。第三部分采用比较分析的研究方法,从实证的角度对GATT1947、SPS、TBT以及GATS相关制度、案例进行比较研究,GATS国内规制必要性测试与SPS以及TBT中的相关制度存在较大的相似性,但与GATT1947和GATS一般例外中的必要性测试有所区别。通过深入分析上述制度中有关必要性测试的案例,研究争端解决机构考量的核心要素与分析思路,为准确把握GATS国内规制必要性测试提供有益参考。第四部分着重阐述对GATS国内规制必要性测试的完善建议。通过对相关成员方提案的分析对比,指出未来必要性测试可能的发展方向及潜在问题,提出未来谈判应当坚持以成员方作出的具体承诺为基础,以水平化为策略选择,充分尊重发展中国家成员的利益。第五部分结合前文的分析,提出我国因应国内规制必要性测试的对策。尤其是以前文的实证分析为依据,从国际谈判与国内实践两个层面探讨我国应采取的具体可行对策,最大程度维护我国贸易利益。
[Abstract]:The necessity test is the core and key of determining whether the domestic measures of a member conforms to the internal regulation obligations of the general agreement on service trade (hereinafter referred to as GATS). In view of the intangible and diversity characteristics of service trade compared with goods trade, the traditional way of regulation of goods trade is very difficult for service trade. Under this background, domestic regulation Measures become one of the important ways for the members to achieve their domestic policy goals. However, because the domestic regulation measures are easily abused, it becomes a barrier to the liberalization of service trade. Therefore, the proper demarcation of the boundary of domestic regulation is the basis of balancing the autonomy of domestic regulation and the liberalization of service trade. It is not only of great theoretical significance but also of urgent practical significance to make a systematic and thorough study of the necessity test of domestic measures. The full understanding of the necessity test can help our country to grasp the initiative in the related trade disputes, and can also help our country to take the initiative in the related service trade disputes. In our country, we should make good demonstration before implementing domestic measures and avoid becoming targets of other members' attacks.
This paper makes a comprehensive use of historical analysis, text analysis and comparative analysis, and outlines the development and evolution of the necessity test of domestic regulation. Through a systematic analysis of the domestic regulation clauses of GATS, the structural framework of domestic regulation and regulation, the regulatory object of necessity test and the general standard are fully expounded. Through comparative analysis and empirical analysis, the point is to reveal many determinants and analysis paths of the necessity test of domestic regulation. Finally, through the analysis of the suggestions for the necessary testing of domestic regulation by the members of each member, the strategy is put forward for China from two aspects of international negotiation and domestic implementation.
The first part uses the research method of historical analysis, combs the background of domestic regulation and its development course, reveals the achievements of domestic regulation negotiation under the framework of GATS, and briefly reviews the responsibilities and present situation of the domestic regulation working group.
The second part, using the research method of text analysis, first systematically expounds the structural framework of the domestic regulation clauses of GATS. Through a more detailed analysis of the domestic regulation and regulations, the macro picture of the domestic regulation obligation is presented, and the status of the domestic regulation necessary test in the whole article is outlined. Secondly, the domestic regulation is made. In order to determine the scope of the necessity test adjustment, it lays the foundation for the in-depth analysis of the connotation of the necessity test. Finally, according to the domestic regulation and regulations of GATS, the general standards of the necessary testing are extracted, and the critical analysis is carried out in contrast to the principle of example, and the unnecessary trade restrictions and the need are not necessary. The burden should be compared to clarify the essence of necessity test.
The third part adopts the comparative analysis method, and compares the GATT1947, SPS, TBT and GATS related systems from the empirical point of view. The necessity test of GATS domestic regulation is similar to the related systems in SPS and TBT, but it is different from the necessary tests in the general exceptions of GATT1947 and GATS. This paper analyzes the case of the necessary test in the above system, studies the core elements and analysis ideas of the dispute settlement agency, and provides a useful reference for the accurate grasp of the necessity test of GATS domestic regulation.
The fourth part focuses on the improvement of the GATS domestic regulation necessity test. Through the analysis and comparison of the relevant member proposals, it points out the possible development direction and potential problems of the future necessity test, and puts forward that the future negotiations should be based on the specific commitments made by the members and take the level as the strategic choice and fully respect it. The interests of the members of the developing countries.
The fifth part, based on the analysis of the previous article, puts forward the Countermeasures of China's need to test the necessity of domestic regulation, especially the empirical analysis of the previous literature, and discusses the concrete and feasible countermeasures that we should take from the two levels of international negotiation and domestic practice to safeguard our country's trade interests to the greatest extent.

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.1

【参考文献】