国际刑事法院法官裁量权研究

发布时间：2018-04-24 11:42

本文选题：国际刑事法院 + 裁量权　；参考：《华东政法大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：运用不同的解释规则及采纳不同的解释方法公正独立地解释法律规范中的模糊语词、协调规范间的冲突以及填补规范漏洞的法官裁量权是法官履行司法职能所不可或缺的。国际刑事法院法官也不例外。但考虑到国际刑事法院所审理的案件严重危及世界和平与安全的性质使得法院的司法活动与安理会乃至国家基于政治考虑所作出的一系列决议和决定存在不可避免的联系的情况，基于澄清政治因素在法院审判中所发挥的作用、法院法官裁量权行使的特点、法院的司法实践对国际刑事审判的重要意义以及法院在国际社会中的角色定位，作者认为有必要对《国际刑事法院罗马规约》运作近十年的法院的审判实践予以系统的归纳分析。全文共分五章，六个部分，约15.8万字，主要内容如下：第一章是关于“国际刑事法院法官裁量权概述”。结合法官裁量权、法律适用和法律解释的基本理论，概括指出本文所研究的国际刑事法院法官裁量权的范围以及法院的审判实践在法律适用和法律解释问题上的总体情况。第二章是关于“国际刑事法院自行发起决定可受理性问题的裁量权研究”。在概括介绍该章研究范围之后，分别以“BN案”和北乌干达情势案件一为例综合研究和归纳了法院发布逮捕令时及之后自行发起决定案件可受理性的条件，并且分析指出分庭解释规约法规群时的规则和方法。第三章是关于“国际刑事法院各方质疑案件可受理性问题的裁量权研究”。在概括介绍该章研究范围之后，分别针对国家质疑和辩方质疑可受理性问题展开分析。其中，国家质疑部分主要通过对AU法官与预审分庭和上诉分庭的分歧意见的比较分析，对预审分庭和上诉分庭多数法官目前所掌握的“决定可受理性的程序裁量权”的“客观标准”下的程序裁量尺度予以评析。而针对辩方质疑部分则主要涉及到法院基于相同的解释目的而对不同解释方法的运用以及对“滥用程序理论”和法院对内国司法制度的裁量权这些问题所表现出来的裁量特点加以综合分析。第四章是关于“国际刑事法院证据问题的裁量权研究”。在概括介绍该章研究范围之后，分别对国际刑事法院证明标准、证据判断方法和询问证人这些问题的裁量权进行研究。初步结论是法院采取“重实质轻形式”的解释方法广泛认定证据的可采性，并且倾向于增强和巩固为实现审判职能而需的审判能力，其表现就是通过解释将审判权力予以“独占”而绝不轻易让渡给其他机关。第五章是关于“国际刑事法院犯罪指控问题的裁量权研究”。在概括介绍该章研究范围及研究目的之后，文章分别从确认指控路径以及犯罪物质要素和责任模式具体概念两个方面研究法官裁量权的行使。该章的研究表明，法官运用裁量权对法院管辖犯罪的定义予以扩张解释，在裁量累积型指控时做法并不完全统一，对暂停听讯修正指控的裁量也体现出“帮助指控”的倾向，总体上体现了法院“积极”管辖和审理案件的态度和趋势。第六部分是文章的结论。总结了法院法官对可受理性、证据和犯罪指控问题上的裁量权行使情况及其特点，即国际刑事法院法官运用裁量权的目的在于扩大法院对案件的管辖范围，增强指控犯罪和裁决犯罪的能力。“补充性管辖原则”的实施坚持的是严格的“客观标准”，法院有与国家抢夺管辖权的态势。并且法官以裁量权的行使保证规约作出的“政治性司法安排”的实施。在此基础上，，提出法官如此裁量的原因在于法院对其自身在国际组织体系中的定位，其目前阶段的作用是“以惩罚和预防国际社会最严重的犯罪”为媒介对安理会或有权国家所作出的“政治”安排起到“协助”的作用，尤其是对安理会的协助。而这一协助作用的发挥所要求的审判实践对于“国际刑法”实体和程序法的发展客观上起到了至关重要的作用。
[Abstract]:With different interpretation rules and different interpretation methods , it is indispensable to judge the conflict between the norms and judge the judge ' s discretion to fill the normative gap . The judges of the International Criminal Court are not the exception . However , considering that the cases brought before the International Criminal Court seriously endanger the peaceful and security of the world , the judicial activities of the Court are of great significance to the international criminal trial and the role of the Court in the international community . The author believes that it is necessary to systematically summarize the trial practice of the court of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court .

The full text is divided into five chapters , six parts , about 15.8 million words , the main contents are as follows :

The first chapter is about the summary of the discretion of the judges of the International Criminal Court . Combined with the basic theory of the judge ' s discretion , the application of law and the interpretation of the law , the author points out the scope of the discretion of the judges of the International Criminal Court , as well as the general situation of the judicial practice of the Court in the legal application and the legal interpretation .

The second chapter is about the discretion of the International Criminal Court to launch a decision on admissibility . After summarizing the scope of this chapter , the author gives a comprehensive study on the case of " BN Case " and Northern Uganda case as an example , and concludes the conditions of admissibility of the case of the decision case initiated by the court , and analyses the rules and methods when the Chamber interprets the statute of the Statute .

In chapter 3 , the author makes an analysis on the procedural discretion under the objective criterion of " decision - admissibility procedure discretion " , which is mainly concerned with the application of different interpretation methods by the majority of the judges of the Pre - Trial Chamber and the Appeals Chamber .

The fourth chapter is about the research on the evidence problem of the International Criminal Court . After the general introduction of the scope of the chapter , the author studies the international criminal court ' s proof standard , the evidence judgment method and the question witnesses . The preliminary conclusion is that the court adopts the interpretation method of " heavy - substance light form " to widely identify the admissibility of the evidence , and tends to strengthen and consolidate the trial capacity required for the realization of the trial function , which is by explaining that the trial power is " exclusive " and not easily transferred to other organs .

Chapter five is about the study of the problem of criminal charges in the International Criminal Court . After summarizing the scope of the research and the purpose of the study , the author studies the exercise of the discretion of the judge from two aspects : the confirmation of the charge path and the specific concept of the element and responsibility pattern of the crime .

The sixth part is the conclusion of the article . The author summarizes the exercise of discretion by the judge of the court on the question of admissibility , evidence and crime and its characteristics , that is , the purpose of the application of discretion by the judge of the International Criminal Court is to enlarge the jurisdiction of the court to the case and to strengthen the ability of the court to seize the jurisdiction .

【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D997.9

【参考文献】