商人习惯法的可适用性及其促进

发布时间：2018-04-25 11:10

本文选题：商人习惯法 + 法律渊源　；参考：《山东大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：商人习惯法是在全球市场的大背景下产生,旨在克服传统冲突法制度在解决国际民商事纠纷的局限。商人习惯法“便捷”、“灵活”的特点适应了国际商事实践的需要,因此在国际商事实践中的适用也越来越频繁。商人习惯法自身具有很强的实践理性,这是商人习惯法与生俱来的特点。商人习惯法在实践中能否适用,以及在何种程度上适用是学术界和实务界共同关注的问题,也是争论比较大的问题。随着我国综合国力的增强,我国国际商事实践有了长足的发展,国际贸易纠纷也日渐增多。但是,我国商人习惯法的研究主要侧重于理论方面,研究商人习惯法具体适用的著作比较少,远远落后于我国国际商事实践的发展。商人习惯法适用研究的缺乏不仅无益于我国的国际商事实践,而且不利于商事习惯法理论的进一步发展。本文在微观层面探讨了商人习惯法在具体案例中的适用,在宏观层面上探讨了商人习惯法在全球范围内的适用情形以及存在的问题,希望对我国商人习惯法理论的发展提供有益的启示。本文主要分为六章：第一章主要概述商人习惯法理论的发展以及新商人习惯法的界定。商人习惯法产生于西欧中世纪,中世纪商人习惯法已具有一定程度的普遍性和自治性,并且发展出许多制度性的规定,出现了《阿马尔菲表》、《海事法汇编》等成文化的商人习惯法,行商法院是适用商人习惯法的主要场所。新商人习惯法是在全球市场的大背景下产生,旨在克服传统冲突法制度在解决国际民商事纠纷的局限。Schmitthoff与Goldman是新商人习惯法理论的两个奠基人,二者在商人习惯法内容的界定上采取了不同的基本路径,Schmitthoff强调商人习惯法渊源包括国家法渊源和非国家渊源,而Goldman则坚持商人习惯法的无国家性。第二章主要介绍了商人习惯法的渊源。商人习惯法的渊源关系到商人习惯法的适用。目前,商人习惯法的渊源主要包括国际商事条约、一般法律原则、国际商事惯例和国际商事习惯、国际标准合同以及国际商事仲裁裁决等。第三章是关于商人习惯法在具体案例中的适用研究。该部分足本文的重点内容,探讨了商人习惯法在具体案例中的适用方式,以及商人习惯法的主要渊源在具体案例中的适用。在一些具体案例中,商人习惯法已具有了强制适用的性质,即仲裁员可以排除当事人选扦的国内法,或者依据冲突规则确定的国内法的适用,直接适用更为适当的商人习惯法。商人习惯法的主要渊源在具体案例中的适用具有很大的不平衡性,一般法律原则适用的最普遍,并且商人习惯法的具体内容往往需要仲裁员结合具体案例来确定。第四章通过UNIDROIT调查和CENTRAL调查,介绍了商人习惯法在全球范围内的适用。该部分是本文的重点内容。调查数据显示,商人习惯法主要在国际合同领域和国际商事仲裁领域适用较多,《UNIDROIT国际商事合同通则》是适用最为成功的范例,并且商人习惯法适用功能具有多元化。同时,调查也反映了影响商人习惯法适用的一个不容忽视的因素,即商人习惯法信息与实践的缺乏。第五章对促进商人习惯法的适用提出一些建议。主要包括促进商人习惯法的法典化、统一化,改善商人习惯法的不确定性问题,注重对具体领域商人习惯法的研究,以及商人习惯法的实证研究,扩大对商人习惯法的宣传,改革我国当下的法学教育等方面。第六章介绍了商人习惯法在我国的适用,并针对我国商人习惯法的适用提出自己的建议。我国立法以及司法实践对商人习惯法的态度比较谨慎,商人习惯法在我国的适用范围以及适用顺序都存在很在的限制。在经济全球化背景下,我国应以更加宽容的态度接受商人习惯法,从商人习惯法发展较为成熟的领域大胆进行适用。
[Abstract]:The customary law of businessmen is produced in the background of the global market, which aims to overcome the limitations of the traditional conflict law system in solving the international civil and commercial disputes. The customary law of businessmen is "convenient" and "flexible" adapted to the needs of international commercial practice, so it has become more and more frequently used in international commercial practice. The customary law of the merchant has its own law. A strong practical reason is the inherent characteristic of the customary law of the merchant. Whether the customary law of the merchant can be applied in practice and to what extent it applies is the common concern of the academic and practical circles, and it is also a big issue in the debate.
With the strengthening of China's comprehensive national strength, the international commercial practice has made great progress in our country, and the international trade disputes are increasing. However, the research on customary law of businessmen in our country mainly focuses on the theoretical aspects. There are few works to study the customary law of businessmen, far behind the development of the international commercial practice in our country. The lack of research not only does not benefit the international commercial practice of our country, but also is not conducive to the further development of the commercial customary law theory. This paper probes into the application of the customary law of merchants in the specific cases at the micro level, and probes into the application and existing problems of the customary law in the world at the macro level. The development of the theory of customary law provides beneficial enlightenment for Chinese businessmen.
This article is divided into six chapters.
The first chapter mainly outlines the development of the merchant's customary law theory and the definition of the customary law of the new merchants. The customary law of businessmen is born in the middle ages of Western Europe. The customary law of the merchants in the middle ages has a certain degree of universality and autonomy, and has developed many institutional provisions, and the merchants of the Amalfi table, the assembler of maritime law and other cultures have appeared. People's customary law, the commercial court is the main place to apply the customary law of businessmen. The customary law of the new merchants is produced in the big background of the global market. The aim is to overcome the limitations of the traditional conflict law system in solving the international civil and commercial disputes..Schmitthoff and Goldman are the two founders of the new businessman's customary law theory, and the two are in the boundary of the customary law of the merchant. Different basic paths have been adopted, and Schmitthoff emphasizes that the origin of customary law of merchants includes the origin of national law and the origin of non state, while Goldman adheres to the non state nature of the customary law of the merchant.
The second chapter mainly introduces the origin of the customary law of the merchant. The origin of the customary law of the merchant is related to the application of the customary law of the merchant. At present, the origin of the customary law of the merchant includes international commercial treaties, general legal principles, international commercial practice and international commercial habits, international standard contracts and international commercial arbitral awards.
The third chapter is about the applicable research on the customary law of merchants in specific cases. The key content of this part of the article is to discuss the applicable ways of the customary law of merchants in specific cases, as well as the application of the main origins of the customary law of merchants in specific cases. In some specific cases, the customary law of the merchant has had a compulsory and applicable nature, That is to say, the secondary staff can exclude the domestic law of the party selecting cuttage, or according to the application of the domestic law determined by the rules of the conflict, and directly apply the more appropriate customary law of the merchant. The main origin of the customary law of the merchant has great imbalances in the application of the specific cases, the most common application of the general law, and the concrete of the customary law of the merchant. Content often requires arbitrators to identify cases with specific cases.
The fourth chapter introduces the application of customary law in the world through the UNIDROIT survey and the CENTRAL survey. This part is the key content of this article. The survey data shows that the customary law of the merchant is mainly applied in the field of international contract and international commercial arbitration, and the general rules of the The fifth chapter puts forward some suggestions on promoting the application of customary law of merchants, including the codification of the customary law of merchants, the unification, the improvement of the uncertainty of the customary law of businessmen, the study of the customary law of businessmen in specific fields, the empirical study of the customary law of merchants, the expansion of the publicity of the customary law of merchants and the reform of the present China. Legal education and other aspects.
The sixth chapter introduces the application of customary law of merchants in our country, and puts forward their own suggestions on the application of customary law in our country. The attitude of our country's legislation and judicial practice to the customary law of merchants is more prudent, and the customary law of merchants is limited in the scope of application and the order of application of our country. Under the background of economic globalization, our country is in the context of economic globalization. We should accept the customary law of businessmen in a more tolerant way and make bold application from the more mature areas of customary law.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D997.4

【参考文献】