气候变化背景下海洋施肥的国际法规制

发布时间：2018-04-26 03:22

本文选题：海洋施肥 + 地球工程　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：在气候变化背景下，地球工程技术作为应对气候变化的“B计划”受到国际社会的日益关注，海洋施肥被认为是地球工程形式之一,大规模与商业化的海洋施肥活动不断出现，严重影响海洋生态环境，亟需国际法的规制。然而，在科研领域，海洋施肥实验是一项传统的海洋科学研究，以小规模为主，具有合法性，不受国际法的特别约束，因此，如何规制海洋施肥活动成为国际法的重要议题。针对大规模与商业化海洋施肥“屡禁不止”的困境，首先，本文从纵向的“国际法规制历程”与横向的“国际法框架”两个层次上对海洋施肥的国际法规制进行了梳理；其次，针对“放置许可”制度的“全球、透明、有效”的适用，本文从“价值导向”与“国际法的协调与整合”两方面入手进行了完善。本文主要分为五章，对气候变化背景下海洋施肥的国际法规制进行分析：第一章介绍海洋施肥的概念、以及大规模与商业化海洋施肥活动产生的背景及面临的国际法规制困境，为下文海洋施肥国际法规制的分析打好基础。第二章分析海洋施肥的法律地位，首先，对海洋施肥法律地位界定涉及的三种观点进行了分析，包括“倾倒说”、“放置说”、“污染说”；其次，海洋施肥的法律地位经历了从争议到确立的阶段，文章在对海洋施肥法律地位分析的同时，也从纵向上对海洋施肥国际法规制的历程也进行了详细的梳理。第三章主要分析与海洋施肥相关的国际法，针对海洋施肥的国际法规制，分别对不同的国际法的适用进行剖析，以从宏观上把握海洋施肥国际法框架。第四章是审视现有的国际法框架，，提炼了除国际法“不成体系”的特点，并以现有国际法框架为基础，分析了“放置许可”制度适用及不足。“放置许可”制度的法律基础在于风险预防原则，但对于海洋施肥形成“全球、透明、有效”的国际法规制，仍面临着诸多的挑战，需要进一步完善。第五章是提出完善建议，即对于海洋施肥的国际法规制，为有效约束大规模商业化海洋施肥活动，以《防止倾倒废物及其他物质污染海洋公约1996年议定书》“放置许可”制度为核心，通过确立“人类共同利益”的价值导向以及通过相关国际法的协调与整合，对海洋施肥的国际法规制提出了完善建议。
[Abstract]:In the context of climate change, geo-engineering technology, as a "plan B" to deal with climate change, is increasingly concerned by the international community. Ocean fertilization is regarded as one of the forms of geoengineering, and large-scale and commercialized marine fertilization activities continue to appear. The marine ecological environment is seriously affected and the regulation of international law is urgently needed. However, in the field of scientific research, ocean fertilization experiment is a traditional marine scientific research, mainly on a small scale, with legitimacy, and not subject to the special constraints of international law. Therefore, how to regulate ocean fertilization activities has become an important issue in international law. In view of the dilemma of "repeated prohibition" of large-scale and commercialized marine fertilization, firstly, this paper combs the international law regulation of ocean fertilization from the vertical "course of international law regulation" and the horizontal "framework of international law". In view of the "global, transparent and effective" application of the "placement permit" system, this paper improves the "value-oriented" system and the "coordination and integration of international law" from the aspects of "value orientation" and "coordination and integration of international law". This paper is divided into five chapters to analyze the international law regulation of ocean fertilization in the context of climate change. The first chapter introduces the concept of ocean fertilization, the background of large-scale and commercialized ocean fertilization activities and the difficulties of international law regulation, which lays a good foundation for the analysis of the international regulation of ocean fertilization. The second chapter analyzes the legal status of marine fertilization. Firstly, it analyzes the three viewpoints involved in defining the legal status of marine fertilization, including "dumping theory", "placement theory", "pollution theory". The legal status of ocean fertilization has gone through the stage from controversy to establishment. The article analyzes the legal status of ocean fertilization at the same time, it also makes a detailed analysis of the process of regulation of marine fertilization in international law. The third chapter mainly analyzes the international law related to marine fertilization, aiming at the international law regulation of marine fertilization, analyzes the application of different international law, in order to grasp the international framework of marine fertilization from the macro perspective. The fourth chapter examines the existing international law framework, abstracts the characteristics of "fragmentation" in addition to international law, and analyzes the application and deficiency of the "placement permit" system based on the existing international law framework. The legal basis of the "place permit" system lies in the principle of risk prevention, but the international law regulation of "global, transparent and effective" of ocean fertilization still faces many challenges and needs to be further improved. The fifth chapter is to put forward some suggestions, that is, the regulation of ocean fertilization in international law, in order to effectively restrict the large-scale commercial ocean fertilization activities. With the 1996 Protocol to the Convention on the Prevention of Marine pollution by dumping of wastes and other matter as the core, by establishing the value orientation of the "common interests of mankind" and through the harmonization and integration of relevant international law, Some suggestions on the regulation of ocean fertilization in international law are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D993.5;D996.9

【参考文献】