WTO争端解决机制中的司法能动主义研究

发布时间：2018-04-27 18:34

本文选题：争端解决机制 + 司法能动主义　；参考：《广东商学院》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：有着“WTO皇冠上的明珠”之称的争端解决机制是乌拉圭回合取得的最令人自豪的成就。争端解决机构(DSB)所采取的“反向一致”的决策程序,以及专家组和上诉机构基于《争端解决谅解》(DSU)以规则为导向的实践,使得WTO争端解决机制在本质上已经变得越来越法律化。自从1995年WTO成立后,争端解决机制在处理国际经贸纠纷方面取得了显著的成绩,发挥着日益重要的作用。由于WTO协定文本存在一些模糊、空白、缺漏,这样专家组和上诉机构在法律适应和法律解释上有很大的裁量权。本文认为,目前WTO争端解决机制中的司法能动主义现象不但不是一个暂时过渡性的现象,而且还是一个长期的发展必经过程,要以发展的眼光辩证地看待和应对。首先,对待具体司法能动的情形要具体问题具体分析,不能一概的加以排除和否认,即以国家利益为判断标准,合理的要接受和支持,不合理的要拒绝和否定。其次,也要站在我国迅速崛起的大背景下(特别是2010年中国已经超越日本成为世界第二大经济体,并有望在2020年即10年后超越美国成为第一大经济体)考虑司法化的长远作用,现在看起来可能不利于我国的一些司法化举措,只要我们积极的应对和利用将来可能大大的有利于我国的发展和权利的维护。此外,本文非常强调对策性的问题,即强调问题的实际解决和应对,因此提出来尽可能完善的对策方案。除了前言和结论,本文共分为四章。第一章是对WTO争端解决机制中的司法能动主义的分析。分析了司法能动主义的含义、司法能动主义哲学在美国的兴起、司法能动主义与司法克制主义的争辩、GATT和WTO争端解决实践中的司法能动主义的具体表现等。第二章是分析了WTO争端解决机制司法能动主义的成因。从一般法理基础、国际社会面临的复杂多样性、WTO决策职能局限、WTO争端解决机制的强大、世界政治经济发展的不平衡和西方国家在争端解决法律文化中的强势地位这六个方面分析了WTO司法能动主义产生的动因。第三章是WTO争端解决机制实践中司法能动主义的主要表现。主要是法庭之友问题和非贸易价值的引入方面进行分析和评价。第四章是WTO争端解决机制司法能动主义的影响评价。主要分成两个部分:第一部分WTO争端解决机制司法能动主义在国际上的影响和对策;第二部分是站在我国的角度上,分别来谈论WTO争端解决机制司法能动主义对我国的影响和对策。
[Abstract]:The dispute settlement mechanism, known as the Pearl of the Crown of WTO, is the most proud achievement of the Uruguay Round. The "reverse consistency" decision-making procedure adopted by the dispute settlement body (DSBs) and the rule-oriented practice of panel and appellate bodies based on the dispute settlement understanding (DSU) make the dispute settlement mechanism of WTO become more and more legalized in nature. Since the establishment of WTO in 1995, the dispute settlement mechanism has made remarkable achievements and played an increasingly important role in dealing with international economic and trade disputes. Because there are some ambiguities, gaps and gaps in the text of the WTO agreement, the panel and the appellate body have great discretion in the adaptation and interpretation of the law. This paper holds that the phenomenon of judicial activism in the present WTO dispute settlement mechanism is not only a temporary transitional phenomenon, but also a long-term process of development, which should be dialectically viewed and dealt with from the perspective of development. First of all, to deal with the specific situation of judicial activity to specific issues specific analysis, can not be ruled out and denied, that is to say, the national interests as the judgment standard, reasonable to accept and support, unreasonable to refuse and deny. Second, consider the long-term role of justice in the context of our country's rapid rise (in particular, China overtook Japan as the world's second-largest economy in 2010 and is expected to overtake the United States as the largest economy in 2020, 10 years later). Now it may not be good for some of our judicial measures, as long as we actively respond to and use the future may greatly benefit the development of our country and the maintenance of rights. In addition, this paper emphasizes the problem of strategy, that is, the practical solution and solution of the problem, so it puts forward the best possible countermeasures. In addition to the preface and conclusions, this paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is the analysis of judicial activism in WTO dispute settlement mechanism. This paper analyzes the meaning of judicial activism, the rise of judicial activism philosophy in the United States, the argument between judicial activism and judicial restraint doctrine, and the concrete manifestation of judicial activism in the practice of GATT and WTO dispute settlement. The second chapter analyzes the causes of judicial activism in WTO dispute settlement mechanism. On the basis of general jurisprudence, the complex diversity faced by the international community is limited by the WTO decision-making functions and the strong dispute settlement mechanism of the WTO. The unbalanced development of world politics and economy and the strong position of western countries in the legal culture of dispute settlement analyze the causes of WTO judicial activism. The third chapter is the main manifestation of judicial activism in the practice of WTO dispute settlement mechanism. Mainly amicus curiae and the introduction of non-trade value analysis and evaluation. The fourth chapter is the impact evaluation of judicial activism of WTO dispute settlement mechanism. It is mainly divided into two parts: the first part is the influence and countermeasure of judicial activism of WTO dispute settlement mechanism in the world; the second part is standing in the angle of our country. This paper discusses the influence of judicial activism of WTO dispute settlement mechanism on our country and its countermeasures.
【学位授予单位】：广东商学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.1

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