承运人项下副本提单效力研究

发布时间：2018-04-27 23:01

本文选题：承运人 + 副本提单　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：伴随着商贸往来的加强，承运人依据正本提单放货已经成为航运中必须遵守的一项准则。但在实践中，由于各种原因的影响，收货人凭副本提单向承运人提货现象变得十分普遍。这种做法不仅损害了正本提单持有人的利益，而且极大破坏了海上货物贸易运输制度，导致案件纠纷不断发生。针对目前实践中，收货人凭副本提单提货这一普遍情形，从国际和国内两种视觉角度，通过承运人这一关键因素对副本提单效力进行研究。在大量采用规范分析、归纳分析等分析方法的基础上，从国际和国内现行有关提单的公约、法律法规出发，对承运人项下副本提单效力问题进行系统的分析和探讨。最初以提单效力为着手点，进而对副本提单效力进行分析，经过考察发现副本提单具有证明效力、债权效力。于是，设想进一步对副本提单放货与承运人责任进行分析。在不同的条件下，是否允许承运人凭副本提单放货，各国法律及国际公约中均有不同规定，特别是《鹿特丹规则》中体现的尤为明显。同时，在承运人放货后应承担的责任、归责原则、范围等细节方面，国内学术界中存在着不同学说，而目前我国国内法也仅提供了可供思考的法律要素，并未做出明确、具体的阐述。因此，在分析过后得出观点，我国司法实践中承运人因副本提单放货应承担以违约为主，竞合为辅的民事责任；另外，在归责原则和赔偿范围方面《鹿特丹规则》比我国国内法的规定更为合理，更有助于此类问题的解决。针对之前分析中存在的相关问题，承运人副本提单放货应从不同主体出发，以事前预防和事后救济两方面为中介，全面、仔细寻找解决方法与对策。基于以上对承运人副本提单放货问题的研究得出最终结论：根据目前已有的国际及国内法律，我们应当坚持承运人凭正本提单放货这个大原则，但是在某些特殊的情况下应当允许副本提单放货。在对承运人项下副本提单效力进行探索之后，，提出的一些观点及思考，希望可以拓展此类问题的研究视角。通过对承运人性质的界定，来降低审判的难度，明确当事人之间的法律关系、保护当事人的合法权益。
[Abstract]:With the strengthening of trade, the carrier's delivery of goods based on the original bill of lading has become a standard to be observed in shipping. However, in practice, it is very common for consignee to collect goods from carrier by duplicate bill of lading due to various reasons. This practice not only damages the interests of the original bill of lading holders, but also greatly undermines the system of trade in goods by sea. In view of the general situation that consignee takes delivery of goods by duplicate bill of lading in current practice, the validity of duplicate bill of lading is studied through the key factor of carrier from both international and domestic perspectives. On the basis of a large number of analytical methods, such as normative analysis, inductive analysis and so on, this paper makes a systematic analysis and discussion on the validity of the replica bill of lading under the category of carrier on the basis of international and domestic conventions, laws and regulations on bill of lading. At first, the validity of the bill of lading is taken as the starting point, and then the validity of the duplicate bill of lading is analyzed. Therefore, it is envisaged to further analyze the shipping of the duplicate bill of lading and the liability of the carrier. Under different conditions, whether the carrier is allowed to release the goods against a duplicate bill of lading has different provisions in various countries' laws and international conventions, especially in the Rotterdam rules. At the same time, in the details of the carrier's liability, liability principle, scope and so on, there are different theories in the domestic academic circles, but at present, the domestic law of our country has only provided the legal elements for consideration, which has not been made clear. A specific exposition. Therefore, after the analysis of the point of view, in judicial practice in our country, the carrier should bear the civil liability of breach of contract as the basis for the delivery of the duplicate bill of lading. The Rotterdam rule is more reasonable than the domestic law in the principle of imputation and the scope of compensation, and it is more helpful to solve this kind of problem. In view of the related problems existing in the previous analysis, the carrier's duplicate bill of lading should proceed from different subjects, take the two aspects of pre-prevention and post-relief as the intermediary, and look for the solutions and countermeasures carefully. Based on the above study of the carrier's duplicate bill of lading, the final conclusion is drawn: according to the existing international and domestic laws, we should adhere to the carrier's principle of delivery of goods on the basis of the original bill of lading. However, in certain special circumstances, a duplicate bill of lading should be allowed to release the goods. After exploring the validity of the duplicate bill of lading under the carrier line, this paper puts forward some viewpoints and thoughts, hoping to expand the research angle of this kind of problem. By defining the nature of carrier, we can reduce the difficulty of trial, clarify the legal relationship between the parties, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of the parties.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996

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