实物凭证标本作为命名动物新种必要性条件的挑战:《国际动物命名法规》、物种保护与数码时代

发布时间：2018-05-03 09:03

本文选题：实物凭证标本 + 国际动物命名法规　；参考：《生物多样性》2017年11期

【摘要】：随着濒危物种保护意识的不断提升和数字化技术的不断进步,加之对《国际动物命名法规》(第4版)相关条款的不同理解,近年来出现了不以保藏的死的动物个体实物标本为模式标本命名脊椎动物新种的案例,引起了能否不依据实物凭证标本命名动物新种的讨论。2015年Marshall和Evenhuis依据15张数码照片发表了昆虫一新种,立即引发了对这一论题的激烈争论。反对必须以实物标本作为模式标本者认为,《国际动物命名法规》(第4版)第73.1.4条款允许以图为正模来命名动物,越来越多的"数码采集者"为依据图片发表新种提供了更大的可能,而且这样做可以避免因采集标本对濒危物种造成威胁;坚持必须以实物标本作为模式标本者则认为,《国际动物命名法规》(第4版)十分强调以实物标本作为载名模式,以图或其他非死的动物个体实物标本为依据发表新种可能因无法获得更加详细、准确、全面的形态特征信息而造成学术上的缺憾或混乱,也存在造假的可能性,并且认为采集标本并不是造成物种濒危或灭绝的原因。本文对上述观点进行了总结,认为鉴于《国际动物命名法规》(第4版)中存在模糊甚至相互矛盾的一些内容,非常有必要进行一次全面的修订。在修订时,应该考虑濒危物种保护、新技术应用等诸多需求。鼓励依据实物标本命名动物新种,在合理、适度、有序的原则下不断收集动物标本。
[Abstract]:With the increasing awareness of endangered species conservation and the development of digital technology, as well as the different understanding of the relevant provisions of the International Code of naming of Animals (4th Edition), In recent years, there have been cases in which new vertebrate species have not been named as type specimens of preserved dead animals. Marshall and Evenhuis published a new species of insects on the basis of 15 digital photos in 2015, which immediately triggered a heated debate on this topic. Those who object to the need for the use of physical specimens as type specimens believe that section 73.1.4 of the International Code of naming of Animals (4th ed.) allows for the naming of animals as positive models, A growing number of "digital collectors" offer greater possibilities for the publication of new species based on images, and do so to avoid the threat to endangered species from collecting specimens; Those who insist on the need to use physical specimens as type specimens believe that the International Code of naming of Animals (4th Edition) places great emphasis on the use of physical specimens as the model for carrying names, The publication of new species on the basis of object specimens of individuals who are not dead animals may result in academic imperfections or confusion due to the inability to obtain more detailed, accurate and comprehensive morphological information, as well as the possibility of falsification. And the collection of specimens is not the cause of endangered or extinct species. In this paper, the author summarizes the above views and holds that it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive revision in view of the fuzzy and even contradictory contents in the International Law of Animal Nomenclature (4th Edition). In the revision, we should consider the protection of endangered species, the application of new technologies and many other needs. New species of animals are encouraged to be named according to physical specimens and collected continuously under the principle of rationality, moderation and order.
【作者单位】：中国科学院动物研究所动物进化与系统学院重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(31372155) 科技部科技基础性工作专项(2014FY210200)、科技部国家国际科技合作专项(2015DFR30790) 国家科技基础条件平台工作重点项目(2005DKA21402)
【分类号】：D996.9;Q95

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