钻井平台石油污染惩罚性赔偿若干法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-06 03:21

本文选题：钻井平台 + 石油污染　；参考：《烟台大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：海洋占整个地球表面积的71％，蕴藏着丰富的资源和能源，随着现代新科学技术的发展，海洋石油开采技术也日渐成熟，为缓解能源短缺提供了良好的解决途径，但同时也给海洋环境带来了严重问题。 2010年4月20日美国路易斯安那州沿岸的一座石油钻井平台发生爆炸起火，11人死亡。底部油井漏油量从每天5千桶，到后来2万5千至3万桶，演变成美国历来最严重的油污大灾难。中国海洋局2012年7月在其官方网站公布《蓬莱19-3油田溢油事故联合调查组关于事故调查处理报告》。报告指出，溢油事故造成蓬莱19-3油田周边及其西北部面积约6200平方公里的海域海水污染(超第一类海水水质标准)，其中870平方公里海水受到严重污染(超第四类海水水质标准)。海水中石油类最高浓度超背景值53倍，造成中国有史以来最大环境灾难。国际社会极度关注海洋油污问题，并进行了不懈的努力以减轻油污状况，改善海洋环境。目前与钻井平台相关的法律法规不论是国内还是国外，相对来说还很少。至于钻井平台石油污染惩罚性赔偿的应用更是一个新兴课题。论文第一部分首先对钻井平台石油污染与惩罚性赔偿问题进行了系统的梳理和界定，，并提炼出钻井平台石油污染的几个基本特征。第二部分则系统论述了确定钻井平台石油污染赔偿主体的原则和在这些原则之下的钻井平台石油污染惩罚性赔偿的若干赔偿主体类型。第三部分在此基础上进一步分析钻井平台石油污染惩罚性赔偿的适用条件和适用钻井平台石油污染惩罚性赔偿的必备条件。第四部分深入研究了我国钻井平台石油污染惩罚性赔偿金额的确定问题，并系统地提出了在当前情况下确定我国钻井平台石油污染的赔偿数额的建议。
[Abstract]:With the development of modern new science and technology, the offshore oil exploitation technology is becoming more and more mature, which provides a good solution for alleviating the energy shortage. But it also brings serious problems to the marine environment. Eleven people were killed in an explosion at an oil rig off the coast of Louisiana on April 20, 2010. The bottom oil spill from 5,000 barrels a day to 25,000 to 30,000 barrels later turned into the worst oil spill disaster ever in the United States. In July 2012, the China Oceanic Administration published on its official website the report of the Joint investigation team on the Oil spill accident in Penglai 19-3 Oilfield. The report points out that the oil spill accident caused sea water pollution in the area around Penglai 19-3 oil field and its northwest area of about 6200 square kilometers (exceeding the water quality standard for the first class of seawater), of which 870 square kilometers of sea water was seriously polluted (exceeding the water quality standard for the fourth type of seawater). The highest oil concentration in seawater is 53 times higher than the background value, causing the biggest environmental disaster in China's history. The international community pays great attention to the problem of marine oil pollution and makes unremitting efforts to alleviate the oil pollution and improve the marine environment. At present, there are few laws and regulations related to drilling platform, whether at home or abroad. As for the application of punitive damages for oil pollution of drilling platforms, it is a new topic. In the first part of the paper, the problem of oil pollution and punitive damages of drilling platform is systematically sorted out and defined, and several basic characteristics of oil pollution of drilling platform are refined. The second part systematically discusses the principle of determining the main body of oil pollution compensation for drilling platform and some types of main body of punitive compensation for oil pollution of drilling platform under these principles. The third part further analyzes the applicable conditions of punitive damages for oil pollution of drilling platforms and the necessary conditions for applying punitive damages to oil pollution of drilling platforms. In the fourth part, the problem of determining the amount of punitive damages for oil pollution of drilling platforms in China is deeply studied, and the suggestions for determining the amount of compensation for oil pollution caused by oil pollution of drilling platforms in China are put forward systematically.
【学位授予单位】：烟台大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D996.9

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