排放权交易体系在欧盟的立法与实践

发布时间：2018-05-09 08:46

本文选题：气候变化 + 温室气体排放　；参考：《华东政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,干旱、洪水、热带风暴、地震、飓风等极端气候的频发及其对人类生存生活带来的巨大威胁使得人们更清楚地认识到人类正面临着应对环境问题及气候危机的持久战。而环境问题及其解决途径往往关系到一个国家的根本经济利益,甚至还会涉及该国的政治立场及国家安全,因此如何选择应对气候危机的途径成为了这场持久战胜败的关键。运用“基于市场的工具”来解决由于市场经济下市场失灵所造成的环境负外部性问题逐渐得到世界各国的普遍认可。而排放权交易体系自其提出以来以其在欧美的实践经验逐渐被证明为是一个减少温室气体排放、减缓气候变化的高成效、低成本的途径,在世界各国得到广泛运用。《联合国气候变化框架公约》及其《京都议定书》在明确了发达国家及发展中国家就全球气候问题所应当承担的共同但有区别责任的基础上,确立了温室气体减排目标,并引入了排放贸易、联合履行及清洁发展机制三大灵活性履约机制。而在国际社会减少温室气体排放、应对气候危机的各项努力中,欧盟及其各成员国始终扮演了先行者的角色。2003年,欧盟为实现其在《京都议定书》项下的温室气体减排承诺,颁布了排放权交易体系指令,在欧盟各成员国及冰岛、挪威及列支敦士登启动了排放权交易体系,成为目前全球适用范围最大的排放权交易体系。其于2008年将国际航空运输业纳入该交易体系的范围,并于2009年通过对排放权交易体系指令的第四次修订启动了范围较大的体系改革。欧盟排放权交易体系的机制设置及实践经验值得各国借鉴。我国作为一个发展中国家,一方面在国际社会应当坚持共同但有区别责任,另一方面也应当认识到温室气体高排放量对于环境的影响,在全国范围内加快引进排放权交易体系。在我国构建排放权交易体系的过程中,不仅应当借鉴欧盟经验,同时也应当认识到我国自身的特点,结合各省市开展的排污权交易及自愿减排交易试点的经验和不足,建立起与国际实践相接轨,同时又能体现中国特色的全国性排放权交易体系,以更好地应对气候危机。本文第一章在概括介绍了气候危机的现状及其形成的主要原因后,提出了采用排放权交易体系这一基于市场的工具应对气候变化的可行性及其优势。第二章细致地介绍并分析了欧盟排放权交易体系这一当前全球适用范围最广的强制排放权交易体系。而本文第三章则分析了我国借鉴外国实践经验在全国范围内建立排放权交易体系的必要性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the frequent occurrence of extreme weather, such as drought, flood, tropical storm, earthquake, hurricane and so on, has made people realize more clearly that mankind is facing a protracted battle to deal with environmental problems and climate crisis. However, environmental problems and their solutions are often related to the fundamental economic interests of a country, and even to its political stand and national security. Therefore, how to choose the way to deal with the climate crisis is the key to win or lose this protracted war. The use of market-based tools to solve the environmental negative externalities caused by market failure in the market economy has gradually been accepted by all countries in the world. Since its introduction, the emissions trading system has gradually proved to be a highly effective and low-cost way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate climate change through its practical experience in Europe and the United States. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change and its Kyoto Protocol, on the basis of defining the common but differentiated responsibilities of developed and developing countries with regard to global climate issues, The greenhouse gas emission reduction target is established, and three flexible implementation mechanisms are introduced, such as emissions trading, joint implementation and clean development mechanism. In the efforts of the international community to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and cope with the climate crisis, the European Union and its member States have always played a leading role. In 2003, the European Union in order to fulfil its greenhouse gas emission reduction commitments under the Kyoto Protocol, The emissions trading system directive has been issued and the emission trading system has been launched in member states of the European Union, Iceland, Norway and Liechtenstein, making it the largest emission trading system in the world. It brought the international air transport industry into the scope of the trading system in 2008 and launched a broader reform in 2009 through the fourth revision of the emissions trading system directive. The mechanism setting and practical experience of EU emission trading system are worth learning from other countries. China, as a developing country, on the one hand, The international community should insist on common but differentiated responsibilities. On the other hand, it should recognize the environmental impact of high greenhouse gas emissions and speed up the introduction of emissions trading systems throughout the country. In the process of constructing the emission trading system in China, we should not only learn from the experience of EU, but also recognize the characteristics of our own, and combine the experience and deficiency of emission trading and voluntary emission reduction trading carried out by various provinces and cities. To better deal with the climate crisis, a national emissions trading system, which is in line with international practice and can embody Chinese characteristics, has been established. The first chapter introduces the current situation of the climate crisis and the main reasons for its formation, and puts forward the feasibility and advantages of adopting the emissions trading system as a market-based tool to deal with climate change. The second chapter introduces and analyzes the emission trading system of the European Union, which is the most widely used compulsory emission trading system in the world. The third chapter analyzes the necessity of establishing emission trading system in China.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996;D996.9;X32

【引证文献】