官方出口信贷措施与WTO合规性研究

发布时间：2018-05-09 09:59

本文选题：官方出口信贷措施 + SCM协定　；参考：《西南政法大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：官方出口信贷措施属于政策性金融措施的一种，能扩大提供国的出口贸易、促进国民经济发展，但同时也会对正常的国际贸易秩序造成一定的扭曲。为了规范官方出口信贷措施的使用，OECD参加方于1978年达成了《官方支持的出口信贷安排》，WTO下的SCM协定也将官方出口信贷措施纳入规制范围，并将前者引入到WTO体系下。WTO提倡的是贸易自由，而官方出口信贷措施在一定程度上具有扭曲国际贸易的效果，因此其理所当然地受到WTO的规制。从WTO成立至今，已经有数起关于官方出口信贷措施的争端，中国近年来对光伏产品提供的官方出口信贷也成为了指控对象。由此可见我国官方出口信贷措施可能存在问题，需要予以关注并加以解决。本文以官方出口信贷措施WTO合规性为研究对象，在分析WTO补贴与反补贴法律制度的基础上，结合WTO已有案例对官方出口信贷措施相关法律问题的剖析，以及中国官方出口信贷的现状和存在的问题，提出完善中国官方出口信贷措施的建议，使之能够最大限度地服务于我国的出口贸易。本文在具体内容和结构上，共分为四个部分：第一部分是官方出口信贷措施概述。首先对官方出口信贷措施的概念、特点以及其对国内经济和国际贸易的影响进行了解释和介绍，并由此引出WTO规制官方出口信贷措施的必要性。由于官方出口信贷措施本质上是一种补贴，既有促进出口的积极作用，又会对国际贸易产生扭曲，而WTO提倡的恰恰是公平和自由贸易，因此有必要将其纳入WTO的规制范围。第二部分是对WTO补贴与反补贴法律制度和相关规定的分析。通过对WTO补贴与反补贴法律制度的分析，特别是SCM协定对补贴的界定和分类的分析，引出SCM协定中关于官方出口信贷措施的具体内容，由于后文实证分析会涉及到《安排》，所以在此对《安排》的相关内容也作简要介绍。接着是对官方出口信贷措施的合规性作理论上的剖析，为下一部分的实证分析奠定理论基础。第三部分是与官方出口信贷措施有关的WTO案例实证分析。实践中已有数起与官方出口信贷措施相关的案例，，通过分析这些案例中专家组和上诉机构对相关法律问题（如公共机构、财政资助、利益授予等要素）的剖析，得出官方出口信贷措施合规需要符合的条件，并作简要评析。第四部分是完善中国官方出口信贷措施的建议。结合中国官方出口信贷的现状以及存在的问题，对中国的官方出口信贷措施进行分析并提出完善的建议。目前我国官方出口信贷措施在提供机构、信贷条件、业务结构等诸多方面还存在问题，相应地也要从这几方面进行完善，比如保障信贷机构资金的充足、加强出口买方信贷业务的开展、支持的对象范围也有待扩展。
[Abstract]:Official export credit measures are one of the policy financial measures, which can expand the export trade of the supplying countries and promote the development of the national economy, but at the same time, it will also cause certain distortions to the normal international trade order. In order to regulate the use of official export credit measures (OECs), OECD participants reached an agreement under the SCM in 1978, which also included official export credit measures in the scope of regulation. The former is introduced into the WTO system, which advocates the freedom of trade, while the official export credit measures have the effect of distorting international trade to a certain extent, so they are naturally regulated by WTO. Since the establishment of the WTO, there have been several disputes over official export credit measures, and China's official export credit for photovoltaic products has been the subject of accusations in recent years. This shows that China's official export credit measures may exist problems, need to be concerned and solved. This paper takes the WTO compliance of official export credit measures as the research object, on the basis of analyzing the legal system of WTO subsidy and countervailing, combining with the existing cases of WTO to analyze the legal problems related to the official export credit measures. As well as the present situation and existing problems of China's official export credit, the paper puts forward some suggestions on how to perfect the measures of China's official export credit, so that it can serve our export trade to the maximum extent. This paper is divided into four parts: The first part is an overview of official export credit measures. Firstly, the concept and characteristics of official export credit measures and their effects on domestic economy and international trade are explained and introduced, and the necessity of regulating official export credit measures by WTO is deduced. Because the official export credit measure is a kind of subsidy in essence, it can not only promote the export positively, but also distort the international trade, and the WTO advocates the fair and free trade, so it is necessary to bring it into the scope of the WTO regulation. The second part is the analysis of WTO subsidy and countervailing legal system. Through the analysis of the legal system of WTO subsidies and countervailing, especially the definition and classification of subsidies in the SCM Agreement, the specific contents of the official export credit measures in the SCM Agreement are introduced. Since the later empirical analysis will involve the arrangement, this paper also briefly introduces the relevant contents of the arrangement. Then the paper makes a theoretical analysis of the compliance of official export credit measures, which lays a theoretical foundation for the next part of the empirical analysis. The third part is the empirical analysis of WTO cases related to official export credit measures. In practice, there have been a number of cases related to official export credit measures, through the analysis of relevant legal issues (such as public institutions, financial support, benefits grant, etc.) by expert groups and appellate bodies in these cases. Draw official export credit measures compliance needs to meet the conditions, and make a brief assessment. The fourth part is the suggestion of perfecting China's official export credit measures. Combined with the current situation and existing problems of China's official export credit, this paper analyzes the measures of China's official export credit and puts forward some suggestions. At present, China's official export credit measures still have problems in many aspects, such as providing institutions, credit conditions, business structure, and so on. Accordingly, they should also be perfected from these aspects, such as ensuring the adequacy of credit institutions' funds. To strengthen the export buyer credit business, the scope of support needs to be expanded.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D996.1

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