条约目的解释方法在WTO框架下的适用研究

发布时间：2018-05-09 10:52

本文选题：目的解释 + WTO的目的和宗旨　；参考：《山东大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：自WTO成立以来,争端解决过程中的法律解释问题一直是学术界讨论的热点问题,几乎每个经过专家组和上诉机构解释的案例都成为学理研究的典型样本,尽管争端案件具体案情涉及的领域不同,但解释方法却有高度的一致性,即大多数案件专家组和上诉机构都是坚持文本主义的立场,对文义解释方法的推崇表现的淋漓尽致。文义解释方法虽然能够在最大限度内约束法官的自由裁量权,但其缺陷和不足也不容忽视,文义解释的僵化可能使得解释结果偏离条约制定的目的,条约的实质正义得不到实现。目的解释方法立足于条约的目的,具有一定的灵活性,条约目的解释的灵活性恰恰可以弥补条约文义解释的僵化所带来的不足,有助于实现条约的实质正义。 WTO争端解决中更需要目的解释方法,因为WTO法律体系具有特殊性,它的制定主体众多,虽然不是每个成员都参与了WTO各条约的制定,较之国内法律,WTO条约的制定主体依然称得上是多数。众多的当事国对于条约制定前期谈判阶段不能达成一致,但又必须作出规定的事项,用模糊、不确定的语言来表达,文义解释拘泥于字而含义,不能清楚地做出解释。此外条约的稳定性与社会动态发展、语义动态变化的矛盾,也使得争端解决中目的解释方法变得非常必要。 WTO的目的和宗旨或明显或隐秘的存在于WTO条约体系中,了解WTO的目的和宗旨是正确适用目的解释方法解决WTO争端的前提；目的解释方法可否作为一种独立的解释方法在争端解决中适用?这是研究WTO目的解释所必须解决的问题；专家组和上诉机构在众多的案例中对文义解释方法的偏爱是常态的,但是在具体的案件中也有发生变化的情况,通过案例分析专家组和上诉结构对目的解释态度的变化也是研究WTO目的解释方法适用的内容；任何一种解释方法都不是完美的,目的解释方法也有其局限性。认识它的局限性,并且采取相应的措施弥补它的局限性,才能使目的解释方法发挥应有的作用。
[Abstract]:Since the establishment of WTO, the issue of legal interpretation in the process of dispute settlement has been a hot issue in academic circles. Almost every case explained by panel of experts and appellate bodies has become a typical sample of theoretical research. Although the specific cases of dispute cases involve different fields, there is a high degree of consistency in interpretation methods, that is, most of the case panels and appellate bodies adhere to textualism and show incisively and vividly the reverence for the interpretation methods of text and meaning. Although the method of literal interpretation can restrict the judge's discretion to the maximum extent, its defects and shortcomings should not be ignored. The fossilization of the interpretation of text and meaning may cause the result of interpretation to deviate from the purpose of treaty making. The essential justice of the treaty cannot be realized. The method of objective interpretation is based on the purpose of the treaty and has certain flexibility. The flexibility of the interpretation of the purpose of the treaty can make up for the deficiency brought by the ossification of the interpretation of the meaning of the treaty and is helpful to the realization of the substantive justice of the treaty. In the WTO dispute settlement, the purpose interpretation method is needed more, because the WTO legal system has the particularity, its formulation body is numerous, although not every member participated in the WTO each treaty formulation, Compared with domestic laws, the subject of WTO treaty is still the majority. Many parties can not reach agreement on the early negotiation stage of treaty making, but they must also make a stipulation, express it in vague and uncertain language, the meaning interpretation is bound by the word and the meaning, can't make the explanation clearly. In addition, the contradiction between the stability of the treaty and the development of society and the change of semantics makes it necessary to interpret the purpose in dispute settlement. The object and purpose of WTO or obviously or secretly exist in the treaty system of WTO. Understanding the object and purpose of WTO is the premise of applying the method of purpose interpretation to settle the dispute of WTO. Can the method of interpretation be used as an independent method of interpretation in dispute settlement? This is a problem that must be addressed in studying the interpretation of the purpose of WTO; the preference of expert groups and appellate bodies for textual interpretation in many cases is normal, but in specific cases there are situations where changes have taken place. The change of the attitude towards the purpose interpretation through case analysis expert group and appeal structure is also the content of the study on the purpose interpretation method of WTO, and any interpretation method is not perfect, and the purpose interpretation method also has its limitations. Only by recognizing its limitations and taking corresponding measures to make up for its limitations can the purpose explanation method play its due role.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996.1;D993.8

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