论沿海国对船只污染的管辖权

发布时间：2018-05-09 22:31

本文选题：海洋环境保护 + 沿海国　；参考：《中国政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：管辖权作为国际法上一个复杂且又核心的问题,是我们在研究国际法时候无法回避的首要问题,其内容和归属随着国际法的不同领域而有所不同,沿海国在海洋环境污染中对船源污染的管辖权属于海洋法中管辖权问题的重要方面,它涉及在不同海域发生船源污染行为应由哪些国家管辖和采用何种方式管辖的问题,《海洋法公约》打破了传统的船旗国管辖原则,将管辖权在不同情况下分配给沿海国、船旗国和港口国三方,对传统的船旗国管辖原则发起了猛烈的冲击,但是这种冲击是不够彻底的,公约中有些规定对于沿海国的污染管辖权的规定仍然有不够充分之处,仍有偏向船旗国之嫌。本文写作的目的有两个:一是从国家的角度,深入剖析了不同国家在海洋环境保护中所享有的公约规定的或者是国际习惯中存在的立法管辖权和执法管辖权,并通过深入分析《海洋法公约》中的相关规定,指出公约规定中欠缺的部分,二是通过对比当今世界主要国家在管辖权方面的立法和实践,深入剖析我国在污染管辖权方面的立法规定和法律实践,指出我国当今在污染管辖权方面存在的问题,并据此提出完善意见。本文运用的研究方法主要有:历史研究方法、文献研究方法、比较研究方法和案例分析研究方法。本文主要分为三章,首先第一章是对沿海国在海洋环境保护污染管辖权的概述,主要概括了“海洋环境污染”的概念、分类、和污染有关的管辖权的历史发展、产生背景等,并引出了本文需要论述的主要内容;第二章是对沿海国对船源污染的管辖权进行重点论述,从其法律渊源、具体适用等方面进行分析,另外将管辖权细分为立法管辖权、执行管辖权和司法管辖权,并主要对立法管辖权和执行管辖权进行法律制度分析,初步阐明其存在的问题;第三章主要介绍了我国关于海洋环境保护的立法和实践,并指出存在的问题,并运用比较研究方法,主要介绍了美国、加拿大等国家的立法和实践,并对其进行法律和制度层面的分析,发掘可供借鉴的经验,然后自然而然对我国的立法工作和实践提出建议,这也是本文的重点内容之一,近年来,随着我国海洋贸易的蓬勃发展,海洋环境保护现状不容乐观,沿海国的污染管辖权对拥有漫长海岸线的中国的海洋环境保护工作具有十分重要的意义,针对我国海洋保护的现状,我国应积极探索适合中国国情的防治船源污染的法律制度体系,借鉴国外先进经验,积极探索我国防止船源海洋环境污染的管辖权的有效对策,本文仍是从立法管辖权和执行管辖权两个角度提出不同的对策,条理分明,层次清晰,当然由于本人研究水平尚浅,虽然花费了大量的精力查阅资料,论文中恐有许多疏漏之处,敬请各位专家老师不吝赐教。
[Abstract]:Jurisdiction, as a complex and central issue in international law, is the primary issue that we cannot avoid when we study international law. Its content and attribution vary with different fields of international law. The jurisdiction of coastal States over ship-source pollution in the context of marine environmental pollution is an important aspect of the question of jurisdiction in the law of the sea, It deals with the question of which and in what manner an act of ship-source pollution occurs in different maritime areas, and UNCLOS breaks with the traditional principle of flag State jurisdiction and assigns jurisdiction to coastal States in different circumstances, The tripartite impact of the flag State and the port State on the traditional principle of flag State jurisdiction is, however, not sufficiently thorough and some provisions of the Convention remain inadequate with regard to the pollution jurisdiction of coastal States, There is still a suspicion of favouring the flag State. The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, from the point of view of the country, it deeply analyzes the legislative jurisdiction and the law enforcement jurisdiction that different countries enjoy in the protection of the marine environment under the convention or in the international custom. And through an in-depth analysis of the relevant provisions of the Convention on the Law of the Sea, it is pointed out that the provisions of the Convention are lacking. Second, by comparing the legislation and practice of the major countries in the world in the area of jurisdiction, This paper deeply analyzes the legislation and practice of pollution jurisdiction in our country, points out the existing problems in pollution jurisdiction in our country, and puts forward some suggestions on how to improve it. The research methods used in this paper are: historical research method, literature research method, comparative research method and case study method. This paper is mainly divided into three chapters. The first chapter is an overview of the pollution jurisdiction of coastal States in marine environmental protection. It mainly summarizes the concept, classification, historical development and background of pollution related jurisdiction. The second chapter focuses on the jurisdiction of coastal States over ship-source pollution, analyzes its legal origin and specific application, and subdivides jurisdiction into legislative jurisdiction. Executive jurisdiction and judicial jurisdiction, and mainly legislative jurisdiction and enforcement jurisdiction of the legal system analysis, preliminary elucidation of their problems. Chapter three mainly introduces the legislation and practice of marine environmental protection in China. It also points out the existing problems, and mainly introduces the legislation and practice of the United States, Canada and other countries by using the method of comparative research, and makes an analysis of the legal and institutional aspects to explore the experience that can be used for reference. Then it naturally puts forward suggestions to our legislative work and practice, which is also one of the key contents of this paper. In recent years, with the vigorous development of marine trade in China, the status quo of marine environmental protection is not optimistic. The pollution jurisdiction of the coastal state is of great significance to the marine environment protection of China, which has a long coastline. Our country should actively explore the legal system of preventing and controlling ship-source pollution suitable for China's national conditions, learn from the advanced experience of foreign countries, and actively explore the effective countermeasures of our jurisdiction to prevent ship-source marine environmental pollution. This article is still from the legislative jurisdiction and executive jurisdiction to put forward different countermeasures, clear and clear, of course, because the level of my research is still shallow, although spent a lot of energy to consult the data, I am afraid there are many omissions in the paper. Please feel free to give advice to your expert teachers.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D993.5

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