国际体育赛事中操纵比赛行为的法律规制

发布时间：2018-05-10 10:08

本文选题：操纵比赛行为 + 国际条约　；参考：《湘潭大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：国际体育赛事是以公平比赛为基本原则,以创造优异比赛成绩取得比赛胜利为主要目标,给观众带来享受的社会活动。国际体育赛事巨大的经济效益逐渐让体育赛事的利益相关者不顾比赛初衷,利用各种方式操纵比赛进程,同时诱发了跨国非法赌博、腐败受贿和洗钱行为,极大的影响了全球社会的秩序,而国际赛事的举办更是让操纵比赛行为变成了复杂的全球性行为。目前,国际体育赛事的各个项目与环节都受到操纵比赛行为的侵蚀,这严重破坏了体育竞赛的公平性和完整性,也损害了广大体育运动员及观众对体育赛事的热情,必须全面有效地规制这种行为。国际体育组织行业规则作为软法可以对国际体育赛事中操纵比赛行为进行规制,其中国际足联、欧足联及国际泳联的赛事规则和纪律规则都可以规制赛事中的操纵行为;中国和欧洲部分国家国内体育组织规则同样可以对比赛中操纵行为进行规制;国际法方面,有《欧洲委员会打击操纵比赛公约》、《联合国反腐败公约》以及《联合国打击跨国组织犯罪公约》等都对国际体育领域中操纵比赛行为起到一定的规制作用;部分国家国内法中,刑法对操纵比赛行为的规制要求必须承担相应的刑事责任,而民事法律对操纵比赛行为的规制则要求承担违约或侵权责任,体育法的规制是明确体育赛事中的各方权利与义务,对操纵比赛行为的制裁方式以及司法介入的程序。目前,利用现有的国内外法律制度规制国际体育赛事中操纵比赛行为存在着规制依据不完善,调查认定证据困难,体育组织内部规则与国际法、国内法之间在立法和执法方面的衔接不紧密,以及体育组织缺乏严密监管等方面的问题,各国急需完善国内法律制度,在刑法中增设专门的体育操纵比赛类型罪名,同时完善体育领域基本法,将体育法与其他部门法相衔接,并积极进行国际合作,拟定全球性的可适用的国际条约;同时建立类似世界反兴奋剂组织的专门监管组织,完善调查取证以及证据认定制度,积极进行证人保护,证据收集,电子数据保护及信息交流方面的合作,并加强不同规制方法间立法和执法的衔接,建立全球适用的统一规制制度。
[Abstract]:International sports events take fair competition as the basic principle and create outstanding competition results to win the main goal of the main goal, to the audience to enjoy the social activities. The enormous economic benefits of international sports events gradually make the stakeholders of sports events ignore the original intention of the competition and use various ways to manipulate the process of the competition, and at the same time induce transnational illegal gambling, corruption, bribery and money laundering. It has greatly affected the order of the global society, and the holding of international events has turned the manipulation of competition into a complex global behavior. At present, all items and links of international sports events are eroded by rigging, which seriously undermines the fairness and integrity of sports competitions, and also damages the enthusiasm of the majority of athletes and spectators for sports events. This behavior must be regulated comprehensively and effectively. As a soft law, the rules of international sports organization industry can regulate the manipulation of international sports events, in which the rules and disciplinary rules of FIFA, UEFA and FINA can regulate the manipulation in competitions. The domestic sports organization rules of China and some European countries can also regulate the manipulation of competition; in international law, The Council of Europe Convention on Combating rigging, the United Nations Convention against Corruption and the United Nations Convention against Transnational organized Crime all play a role in regulating the manipulation of matches in the field of international sports. The criminal law must bear the corresponding criminal responsibility for the regulation of the rigging behavior, while the civil law for the regulation of the rigging requires the liability for breach of contract or tort. The regulation of the sports law is to clarify the rights and obligations of all parties in the sports events. Sanctions for rigging and procedures for judicial intervention. At present, using the existing domestic and foreign legal systems to regulate the rigging of international sports events, there are imperfect regulatory basis, difficult investigation and identification of evidence, internal rules of sports organizations and international law. The connection between domestic laws in legislation and law enforcement is not close, as well as the lack of strict supervision of sports organizations, and so on. Countries urgently need to improve their domestic legal systems and add special types of sports rigging to the criminal law. At the same time, we should perfect the basic law in the field of sports, link the sports law with other departmental laws, and actively engage in international cooperation to draw up a global and applicable international treaty. At the same time, we will establish a special regulatory body similar to the World Anti-Doping Agency. Improve the investigation and evidence collection system, actively carry out the cooperation in witness protection, evidence collection, electronic data protection and information exchange, and strengthen the convergence of legislation and law enforcement among different regulatory methods. The establishment of a global applicable unified regulatory system.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D997.9

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