WTO争端解决中的报复制度研究

发布时间：2018-05-12 12:34

本文选题：世界贸易组织 + 报复制度　；参考：《西南政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：用“WTO王冠上的明珠”来命名WTO争端解决机制是完全恰如其氛的,因为这是一个司法强制性十分突出的体制,其具有较强司法性的关键所在就是通过运用法律的手段使得裁决或建议的执行得到保障。但是通过近十年的实践,该机制的报复规则尚表现出一定的缺陷,因此有完善其的必要。本文的主要目的就是详细地介绍报复制度在程序以及实体上出现的一些问题和不足,联系WTO报复制度对我国的影响,使我们能够有一个清楚的认识,以期能为我们的立法和实践提供帮助。根据乌拉圭回合谈判中达成的《关于争端解决规则和程序的谅解》(简称DSU)的规定,一个完整的争端解决程序包括磋商程序、专家小组程序、上诉评审程序和执行程序等几个阶段。由于法律的执行率是考察法律有效性的最为重要的衡量标准,因此执行机制可以说是争端解决机制中的核心内容。为了确保争端解决机构(DSB)的建议和裁决得以执行,DSU规定了三种执行手段:对不符合WTO协定的措施的撤回、补偿和报复。报复作为执行手段中最后的、最强有力的强制措施,在争端解决机制中占有着非常重要的地位,它强化了WTO执行机制,能极大的提高执行机制的有效性和可靠性,在促使有关成员方及时和全面的地履行裁决方面发挥着重要的作用。可是报复措施从其诞生之日起就引起了广泛的争议,学者们对其公平性、合理性和有效性褒贬不一。由于报复措施地位的特殊性、作用的重要性以及对其的评价的多样性,对其加以专门研究具有重要意义。本文主要分为五个部分: 第一部分主要对WTO争端解决中的报复制度进行了概述。首先从WTO争端解决中的报复制度的历史演进入手,分别从传统报复制度、GATT1947之下的报复制度和WTO之下的报复制度三个方面来阐述。其次,介绍了WTO争端解决中的报复制度的目的和功能,以及其重心的双重特性的转变。接着介绍了WTO争端解决中的报复制度的适用范围。最后介绍了WTO争端解决中的报复制度的施用条件,包括先决条件和实质条件。第二部分是对WTO争端解决中的报复制度的积极评价,通过从执行效率和执行力度两方面入手,详尽的评价了当前制度的优点和长处。第三部分指出虽然WTO报复措施的威慑作用促进了WTO协议的遵守和执行,成为了维护WTO多边贸易体制的重要保障,但其仍然存在着缺陷。本部分对WTO争端解决中的报复制度的公正性、合理性以及有效性三个方面的缺陷逐一进行了详尽的分析。第四部分针对前文指出报复措施存在的缺陷,一一提出了完善的建议。第五部分分析了WTO报复措施对我国的利弊影响,并提出相应的对策,希望能有助于我国尽快发挥自身的优势,利用DSU对报复措施的相关规定来维护好我们所享有的世贸权益,最终促进我国外贸事业的蓬勃发展。
[Abstract]:The name "Pearl on the Crown of WTO" for the WTO dispute settlement mechanism is exactly the same as it is because it is a very prominent system of judicial compulsion. The key of its strong judicial character is to ensure the execution of judgment or recommendation by means of law. However, through nearly ten years' practice, the mechanism's retaliation rules still show some defects, so it is necessary to perfect it. The main purpose of this paper is to introduce in detail some problems and deficiencies in the procedure and entity of the retaliation system, and to make a clear understanding of the impact of the WTO retaliation system on our country. In order to provide assistance for our legislation and practice. In accordance with the understanding on rules and procedures for the settlement of disputes (DSU) reached in the Uruguay Round negotiations, a complete dispute settlement procedure consists of a consultation procedure, an expert panel procedure, The appellate review procedure and the execution procedure are several stages. As the law enforcement rate is the most important measure of the effectiveness of the law, the enforcement mechanism can be said to be the core content of the dispute settlement mechanism. In order to ensure the implementation of the recommendations and rulings of the DSBs, the DSBs provide for three means of enforcement: withdrawal of measures not in conformity with the DSBs, compensation and retaliation. As the last and most powerful coercive measure in the execution, retaliation plays a very important role in the dispute settlement mechanism. It strengthens the enforcement mechanism of WTO and can greatly improve the effectiveness and reliability of the enforcement mechanism. It plays an important role in prompt and full implementation of the award by the member concerned. However, retaliatory measures have caused widespread controversy since their birth, and scholars have different opinions on its fairness, rationality and effectiveness. Due to the particularity of the status of retaliatory measures, the importance of their role and the diversity of their evaluation, it is of great significance to study them specially. This paper is divided into five parts: The first part summarizes the retaliation system in WTO dispute settlement. Starting from the historical evolution of the retaliation system in the WTO dispute settlement, this paper expounds the retaliation system under the traditional retaliation system and the revenge system under the WTO respectively. Secondly, it introduces the purpose and function of WTO dispute settlement system and the change of its center of gravity. Then it introduces the scope of application of retaliation system in WTO dispute settlement. Finally, the paper introduces the application conditions of WTO dispute settlement system, including preconditions and substantive conditions. The second part is the positive evaluation of the retaliation system in the WTO dispute settlement, through the implementation efficiency and enforcement strength of two aspects, the detailed evaluation of the advantages and strengths of the current system. The third part points out that although the deterrent effect of WTO retaliatory measures promotes the compliance and implementation of WTO agreement and becomes an important guarantee to safeguard the multilateral trading system of WTO, it still has some defects. This part makes a detailed analysis of the WTO dispute settlement system in the fairness, rationality and effectiveness of the three aspects of the defects. The fourth part points out the defects of retaliatory measures, and puts forward some suggestions. The fifth part analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of WTO retaliatory measures on our country, and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures, hoping to help our country bring its own advantages into full play as soon as possible, and utilize the relevant provisions of DSU to safeguard our WTO rights and interests. Finally, promote the vigorous development of China's foreign trade.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.1

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