清洁能源产业补贴措施与WTO合规性研究

发布时间：2018-05-13 03:21

本文选题：清洁能源 + 补贴　；参考：《复旦大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着化石能源逐日用竭,清洁能源已经成为各国重点扶持的新兴产业。但是,清洁能源产业作为一项新兴产业,生产成本巨大,必须依靠政府的支持才能顺利地发展。因此各国政府都给予清洁能源产业以各种形式的资金支持。而这种资金支持很有可能被认定为是政府给予的补贴,从而被认定违反了世界贸易组织(WTO)的规则。本文分为四章。第一章简单介绍了化石能源以及清洁能源的概念以及种类,之后介绍了各国发展清洁能源产业的缘由,并简略介绍了部分国家现行有效的对清洁能源的补贴措施。第二章从对法条和既往案例的分析入手,重点介绍了WTO规则下的反补贴规定,即《补贴与反补贴措施协定》(《SCM协定》),梳理了《SCM协定》下对补贴各要件的定义以及既往案例中的认定方式,重点分析了“专项性”以及“禁止类补贴”的定义。继而作为对比,简要介绍了美国反补贴规定与实践,特别是涉及中国的实践。第三章基于美国钢铁工人联合会(USW)针对中国清洁能源产业提出的申诉报告以及美国政府随后提出的WTO磋商请求,首先简述了美国301调查制度,并就301调查与WTO磋商之间的联系简述了对USW申诉报告进行分析的必要性,随后对USW报告中涉及补贴措施的部分进行了细致的分析,并列举了部分在报告中所涉及的中国的法律法规。第四章有针对性地详细列举并分析了中国清洁能源产业的现行补贴措施,并联系USW申诉报告从禁止性补贴以及可诉性补贴两方面进行了评析,尝试以WTO合规性的角度对所涉及的法律法规的合规性进行了评价,随后以《SCM协定》为基础,提出了部分理论上的解决方案,以期对问题的解决进行有限的尝试。本文试图将WTO规则与USW申诉报告进行理论与实践上的结合,从而一窥清洁能源产业的补贴现状,并提出可能的解决方案以期达到抛砖引玉的效果。
[Abstract]:With the daily use of fossil energy, clean energy has become a key support of emerging industries. However, clean energy industry as a new industry, production costs are huge, must rely on the support of the government to develop smoothly. Therefore, governments all over the world give clean energy industry various forms of financial support. Such financial support is likely to be recognized as a subsidy from the government, thus violating World Trade Organisation (WTO) rules. This paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter briefly introduces the concept and types of fossil energy and clean energy, then introduces the reasons of developing clean energy industry in various countries, and briefly introduces the effective subsidy measures for clean energy in some countries. The second chapter starts with the analysis of the law and past cases, and introduces the countervailing provisions under the WTO rules. That is, the Agreement on subsidies and countervailing measures (SCM Agreement), which combs the definition of various elements of subsidy under the Agreement of SCM and the ways of confirming it in previous cases, and focuses on the analysis of the definitions of "specificity" and "prohibited subsidy". Then, as a contrast, the article briefly introduces the anti-subsidy regulations and practice in the United States, especially the practice involving China. The third chapter is based on the complaint report made by the American Iron and Steel Workers Union (USW) against China's clean energy industry and the WTO consultation request made by the US government. The necessity of analyzing the USW complaint report is briefly described on the basis of the connection between the 301 investigation and the WTO consultation, and then the detailed analysis of the part of the USW report concerning the subsidy measures is carried out. Some of the Chinese laws and regulations involved in the report are also listed. The fourth chapter enumerates and analyzes the current subsidy measures in China's clean energy industry in detail, and analyzes the two aspects of prohibited subsidies and actionable subsidies in connection with the USW complaint report. This paper attempts to evaluate the compliance of the laws and regulations involved from the point of view of WTO compliance, and then, based on the SCM Agreement, puts forward some theoretical solutions in order to make a limited attempt to solve the problem. This paper attempts to combine the WTO rules with the USW complaint report in theory and practice in order to get a glimpse of the current situation of subsidies in the clean energy industry and to put forward possible solutions in order to achieve the effect of giving a brick to the jade.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.1;D996.9

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