农产品环境补贴法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-13 22:40

本文选题：WTO规则 + 农产品补贴　；参考：《西南政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：发达国家的农产品补贴制度在国际上备受争议,近来年,欧盟、美国等国将本国的农产品补贴由“黄箱”政策逐渐向“绿箱”政策转变,将本国的农产品补贴与环境保护相挂钩,从而可免于《农业协定》的削减义务的约束。与此同时,发展中国家由于受本国的经济条件限制,对农产品环境补贴的数额与发达国家不可同日而语。另外,与发达国家相比,对给予农产品环境补贴的环境标准较低,致使较易遭受发达国家对其出口的农产品征收环境反补贴税,这将给予发展中国家的农产品国际贸易更大的压力。农产品环境补贴一方面有利于改善国内环境,优化农业资源的配置,促进农业产业升级,增强国内农产品出口竞争力等;另外一方面也存在被滥用的风险,以至于造成更大的环境损害并且极有可能扭曲国际农产品贸易。目前WTO体制下对农产品环境补贴的规制主要是《建立WTO协定》、《农业协定》、《补贴与反补贴协定》及GATT1994,但无一对农产品环境补贴作出明确的界定。农产品环境补贴本属于《补贴与反补贴协定》中的不可诉补贴,但不可诉补贴的条款终止适用后,未能就其延期适用达成一致意见。《农业协定》的“和平条款”失效之后,对于《农业协定》与《补贴与反补贴协定》中对农产品环境补贴的相关规定的适用关系研究显得尤为重要。本文包括引言及六章。在引言部分一方面根据中国所面临的农产品国际贸易形势及WTO的相关规则提出农产品环境补贴研究中存在的问题,另一方面对目前的研究状况及研究成果进行梳理。第一章对农产品环境补贴的概念及其范围进行界定,与其他相关规则的关系进行了比较。第二章通过对贸易与环境的关系及各国制定农产品环境补贴的理论依据进行论述,分析了农产品环境补贴的必要性和可能性。第三章对WTO体制下与农产品环境补贴相关的规则进行了梳理,提出相关规则的缺陷之所在。第四章通过WTO的案例对农产品环境补贴规则的适用及在适用过程中的相互关系进行实证分析,提出《农业协定》与《补贴与反补贴协定》应累积适用的观点,并提出真正属于“绿箱”措施的农产品环境补贴仍然可免于申诉,但如果能够证明对贸易有严重的扭曲作用则可提出相关的申诉。第五章选取了欧盟、美国作为发达国家的农产品环境补贴制度的代表,印度作为发展中国家的农产品环境补贴制度的代表,从其发展历程、经济贸易现状及当前多哈回合谈判中的立场着手对当前国际上的农产品环境补贴制度的立法实践进行分析。第六章针对本国的农产品贸易现状及环境补贴法律制度现状进行研究,提出本国在国际层面对农产品环境补贴制度改革的立场和国内层面对农产品环境补贴制度进行完善的对策。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the European Union, the United States and other countries have gradually changed their agricultural product subsidies from a "yellow box" policy to a "green box" policy. National agricultural subsidies are linked to environmental protection, so that they are exempt from the abatement obligations of the Agreement on Agriculture. At the same time, due to the constraints of their own economic conditions, the amount of environmental subsidies for agricultural products in developing countries is not comparable to that of developed countries. In addition, compared with developed countries, environmental subsidies for agricultural products are subject to lower environmental standards, making them more vulnerable to environmental countervailing duties imposed on agricultural products exported by developed countries. This will put greater pressure on international trade in agricultural products in developing countries. On the one hand, environmental subsidies for agricultural products are conducive to improving the domestic environment, optimizing the allocation of agricultural resources, promoting the upgrading of agricultural industries, and enhancing the competitiveness of domestic agricultural exports; on the other hand, there is also the risk of abuse. That would cause greater environmental damage and would most likely distort international agricultural trade. At present, the regulation of agricultural product environmental subsidy under WTO system is mainly "establishing WTO Agreement", "Agriculture Agreement", "subsidy and countervailing Agreement" and GATT 1994, but there is no clear definition of agricultural product environmental subsidy. Environmental subsidies for agricultural products are originally non-actionable subsidies in the Agreement on subsidies and countervailing, but after the provisions on non-actionable subsidies have ceased to apply, they have failed to reach an agreement on their extension. After the "Peace clauses" of the Agreement on Agriculture have expired, It is particularly important to study the relationship between the agricultural products environmental subsidies and the relevant provisions in the Agreement on Agriculture and the Agreement on subsidies and countervailing. This article includes introduction and six chapters. In the introduction part, on the one hand, according to the international trade situation of agricultural products faced by China and the relevant rules of WTO, put forward the existing problems in the research of agricultural products environmental subsidies, on the other hand, comb the current research situation and research results. The first chapter defines the concept and scope of agricultural environmental subsidy, and compares it with other related rules. The second chapter discusses the relationship between trade and environment and the theoretical basis of establishing agricultural product environmental subsidy, and analyzes the necessity and possibility of agricultural product environmental subsidy. The third chapter combs the rules related to agricultural products environmental subsidy under the WTO system, and puts forward the defects of the relevant rules. The fourth chapter analyzes the application of environmental subsidy rules of agricultural products and the relationship between them in the process of application through the case of WTO, and puts forward the viewpoint that the Agreement on Agriculture and the Agreement on subsidies and countervailing should be applied cumulatively. Environmental subsidies for agricultural products, which are truly "green box" measures, are still exempt from complaints, but if serious trade-distorting effects can be demonstrated, relevant complaints can be filed. The fifth chapter selects the European Union, the United States as the representative of the developed countries' environmental subsidy system of agricultural products, India as the representative of the developing countries' environmental subsidy system of agricultural products, from its development process. The present situation of economic and trade and the position in the current Doha Round negotiation begin to analyze the current international legislation practice of agricultural products environmental subsidy system. The sixth chapter studies the current situation of agricultural products trade and environmental subsidy legal system in our country. This paper puts forward the position of our country to reform the agricultural product environmental subsidy system at the international level and the countermeasures to perfect the agricultural product environment subsidy system at the domestic level.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.1

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