论最密切联系原则在中国的适用

发布时间：2018-05-17 10:32

本文选题：国际私法 + 最密切联系原则　；参考：《河南师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：国际私法的最密切联系学说,被公认为是冲突法领域最瞩目的学说。美国学者里斯1971年撰写的《第二次冲突法重述》比较系统的构建了该学说。自那时起,该学说就以迅猛之势横扫各国国际私法立法,成为当今国际私法界共通的语言,甚至被某些国际私法学者称为“至高无上、神圣不可侵犯的理论”。自改革开放以来,我国涉外案件的数量逐年递增,涉案的领域也日益广泛,案情愈加复杂,国际私法的立法也亟待完善。本着“拿来主义”的精神,我国立法机关大胆引进“最密切联系原则”,颠覆了以往国际私法较为机械的法律选择方法,赋予审理个案的法官前所未有的自由裁量权,使法官在法律冲突面前,能够结合具体案情,实事求是地做出更合理的法律选择,保护了当事人的合法权益,实现了法律的价值。几十年间“最密切联系原则”在我国立法的地位发生了巨大的转变。从1985年立法中的“连接因素”到2010年立法中的“补充原则”,寓意着我国对该原则的接受度和重视度的提高,也彰显了我国立法技术的不断成熟,符合了国际私法发展追求的趋同性。但该原则在中国的适用过程中,也凸显出了一些问题,急需理论研究者和法律实践者去应对、解决。本文第一部分从最密切联系原则的源头入手,通过经济基础、思想渊源和法律制度等几个方面入手,分析了该原则产生的必要性和重要性。并重点结合我国的立法实践,指出目前我国该原则适用中存在的利弊,通过此表述,可以对最密切联系原则有一个基本的了解和总体的把握。第二部分,介绍该原则在中国适用的现状及存在的问题。首先,从立法定位、适用范围等四个方面实事求是地论述了目前该原则在中国适用的真实状况;其次,从中国司法实践出发,指出该原则在我国适用中出现的一系列现实问题。这一部分最突出的特点就是紧扣中国国情。第三部分,探析该原则在中国出现问题的原因,从经济、人员素质和法律体系等几个方面入手,通过找出这些问题产生的根源,进而能够对症下药,有的放矢地提出解决方法。第四部分,在找出最密切联系原则存在问题的原因之后,结合我国实际情况,有针对性的提出了解决方法。希望这些建议对于我国国际私法的完善和成熟具有一定的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:The doctrine of the closest connection of private international law is recognized as the most noticeable doctrine in the field of conflict law. The second restatement of conflict Law, written by American scholar Rhys in 1971, systematically constructed the theory. Since then, the doctrine has swept through the legislation of private international law in various countries and become a common language in the field of private international law. It has even been called by some private international law scholars as "the supreme, sacred and inviolable theory". Since the reform and opening up, the number of foreign cases in China has increased year by year, the fields involved are increasingly extensive, the case is increasingly complex, and the legislation of private international law needs to be improved. In the spirit of "taking advantage of the doctrine", the legislature of our country has boldly introduced the "principle of the closest connection", subverting the previous more mechanical methods of legal choice in private international law, and giving the judges hearing cases unprecedented discretion. In the face of the conflict of laws, judges can make more reasonable legal choices, protect the legitimate rights and interests of the parties, and realize the value of the law. In recent decades, the position of the principle of closest connection has changed greatly in our country. From the "connecting factor" in the 1985 legislation to the "supplementary principle" in the legislation in 2010, it means that our country has increased the acceptance and importance of the principle, and has also demonstrated the continuous maturity of the legislative technology in our country. In line with the development of private international law in pursuit of convergence. However, the application of this principle in China also highlights some problems, which are urgently needed to be addressed and solved by theoretical researchers and legal practitioners. The first part of this paper starts with the source of the principle of the closest connection, and analyzes the necessity and importance of the principle through the aspects of economic foundation, ideological origin and legal system. Combining with the legislative practice of our country, the author points out the advantages and disadvantages of the application of this principle in our country at present. Through this expression, we can have a basic understanding and a general grasp of the principle of the closest connection. The second part introduces the current situation and existing problems of the application of the principle in China. Firstly, this paper discusses the true situation of the principle in China from four aspects: legislative orientation, scope of application, etc. Secondly, it points out a series of practical problems in the application of the principle in China from the point of view of Chinese judicial practice. The most prominent feature of this part is that it is closely related to China's national conditions. In the third part, the author analyzes the causes of the problems in China, starting from the aspects of economy, personnel quality and legal system, finds out the root causes of these problems, and then puts forward solutions to the problems. The fourth part, after finding out the causes of the problems in the principle of the closest connection, combining with the actual situation of our country, the author puts forward the solutions. I hope these suggestions can be used for reference for the perfection and maturity of private international law in China.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D997

【参考文献】