海权视角下中国海洋法律制度完善对策研究

发布时间：2018-05-18 08:45

本文选题：海权 + 海洋法律　；参考：《大连海事大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：海洋面积约占地球总面积三分之二,人类的生存发展与海洋息息相关,近代以来,面对资源趋紧、环境恶化,开发、利用海洋资源,保护海洋生态环境已成为各国重要国策。美国的马汉提出“海权”已经过去一个多世纪了,但是世界各国仍然把这作为制定海洋国策的理论依据,尤其是贸易全球化,世界联系更加紧密,中国积极准备走向世界的今天,“海权”对于中国崛起起着至关重要的作用。海权理论的形成是伴随着人们对海洋深入认识逐渐形成的,人们从古地中海到大西洋再到世界海洋,在实践中丰富着海权的内容。对于“海权”涵义的理解,我们要从“海上力量”和“海上权利”来分析,不能追求片面,从狭义与广‘义去把握,不能陷入盲目的军事竞备,不断提高公民海洋意识,积极维护海洋权益,通过法律制度的建构来维护海权。中国历史上是个航运大国,但是由于我们一直是“陆权国家”,更是受近代“闭关锁国政策”的影响,慢慢丧失了我们的制海权,帝国主义的侵略唤醒有识之士的海权意识,但那仅仅停留于“海防意识”。真正海权的发展是改革开放之后,海洋安全问题已成为中国不能回避的国家风险,我们需要提出自己的海洋战略实现中国的海权。海权涵义丰富,维护一国的海权所要做的也是多方面的,包括对海洋资源的开发利用、领土的维护、海洋运输、海洋意识培养等等,依赖于海洋科技、军事、法律手段,本文着重是从海洋法律方面进行论述,找出海洋法律制度的不足,并提出对策。本文论述的海洋法律制度主要从海洋领土、海洋资源、海洋环境保护、海洋运输安全、海洋巡航执法五个方面进行论述,在海权的视角下找出不足,寻求对策,更好的维护我国的海洋权益。
[Abstract]:The marine area accounts for about 2/3 of the total area of the earth. The survival and development of human beings are closely related to the ocean. Since modern times, in the face of the tightening of resources, the deterioration of the environment, the exploitation of marine resources and the protection of marine ecological environment, it has become an important national policy of all countries. It has been more than a century since Mahan of the United States proposed "sea power," but all countries in the world still regard this as the theoretical basis for formulating national policies on the sea, especially the globalization of trade, which makes the world more closely linked. Today, as China prepares for the world, sea power plays a vital role in China's rise. The formation of the theory of sea power is accompanied by the gradual formation of people's deep understanding of the ocean. People enrich the content of sea power in practice from the ancient Mediterranean to the Atlantic Ocean to the world ocean. To understand the meaning of "sea power", we should analyze it from "sea power" and "sea right". We should not pursue one-sided, grasp it from narrow sense and broad meaning, we can't fall into blind military competition and constantly improve citizens' maritime consciousness. Actively protect the rights and interests of the sea, through the construction of legal system to protect sea power. China has been a shipping power in history, but because we have always been a "land power country" and have been affected by the modern "policy of closing the door to the outside world", we have gradually lost our right to control the sea. The imperialist aggression has awakened the consciousness of the people with insight about sea power. But that only stays in the coastal defense consciousness. The real development of sea power is after the reform and opening up, maritime safety has become a national risk that China can not avoid. We need to put forward our own maritime strategy to realize China's maritime rights. The meaning of sea power is rich, and what we have to do to safeguard a country's sea power is also multifaceted, including the exploitation and utilization of marine resources, the maintenance of territory, maritime transportation, marine awareness training, and so on, relying on marine science and technology, military, and legal means. This paper focuses on marine law, finds out the deficiencies of marine legal system, and puts forward countermeasures. The marine legal system discussed in this paper is mainly discussed from five aspects: maritime territory, marine resources, marine environmental protection, maritime transportation safety, maritime patrol and law enforcement. Better safeguard our maritime rights and interests.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D993.5

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