民族自决权的现实困境和当代价值研究

发布时间：2018-05-18 15:30

本文选题：民族自决权 + 困境　；参考：《辽宁大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：民族自决权原则是国际法所确立的基本原则之一。在二战后推动殖民地解放运动,民族独立运动中起了重要作用。然而在当代,殖民地几乎已经不存在,作为打击殖民主义的理论武器,民族自决权因失去土壤而面临困境。本文从概念争议、与国家主权原则的冲突、价值困境三个方向深入研究民族自决权的现实困境,并进一步分析民族自决权的当代价值。民族自决权的现实困境主要体现在以下三个方面:(1)概念争议,这也是其他困境出现的根源。因为民族自决权的相关条文作为概括性、原则性条文不宜规定的太过细致,语言本身的表达局限,带来了民族自决权概念的模糊,产生争议。(2)与国家主权原则的冲突,是民族自决权原则在当代最突出的困境。国家主权原则位阶更高,应优先使用,但一部分群体行使民族自决权,通常会损害另一部分群体的利益。民族自决权原则的行使在涉及两个国家的情况下,通常会损害国家主权原则。在实践中,民族自决权原则已经突破了国家主权原则,从而产生两者之间的冲突。(3)价值困境,这是民族自决权困境的核心。有观点认为民族自决权已经过时,应回归本意,即回归到殖民地时代的民族自决权。但这等于在实际层面上否定民族自决权在当代的一切价值,彻底废除当代民族自决权。还有观点认为,民族自决权在当今的发展,应集中在经济、社会、文化等非政治领域。但这等于抛弃了民族自决权的政治价值,并且将民族自决权的发展延伸进国内法。这两种观点都存在不足。笔者提出的解决方法是:完善概念、与国际法、国内法结合发展。在概念上,将民族自决权适用的主体扩展为,出现人道主义危机的群体。并且主体是否遭遇人道主义危机,需要经过联合国权威机构的调查和确认,具体行使的方式应由利益各方通过非暴力方式和平协商产生。具体的形式需要根据具体事件具体制定。将民族自决权与国际法、国内法结合适用。如果受侵害主体愿意让渡出部分权利,给予行使自决权的主体以民族自决权,并且有自愿签订的规范性文件作为法律支撑,那么这种方式可以成为一种合法行使民族自决权的途径。这种规范性文件可以是国际条约、双边协定甚至是国内宪法等国内法律。这种实例在国际社会中已经出现。笔者希望通过对民族自决权现实困境和当代价值的研究,使民族自决权的发展成为理论先导,成为指导国际社会民族自决行为的法理参照。
[Abstract]:The principle of national self-determination is one of the basic principles established by international law. The national independence movement played an important role in promoting the colonial liberation movement after World War II. However, as a theoretical weapon to fight against colonialism, the right to self-determination of the nation is confronted with difficulties because of the loss of soil. This paper studies the realistic dilemma of national self-determination from three aspects: concept dispute, conflict with the principle of national sovereignty and value dilemma, and further analyzes the contemporary value of national self-determination. The realistic dilemma of the national self-determination is mainly reflected in the following three aspects: 1) concept dispute, which is also the root of other difficulties. Because the relevant provisions of the right of national self-determination are general, the provisions of principle should not be specified too carefully, and the expression of language itself is limited, which brings about the ambiguity of the concept of national right of self-determination, resulting in the conflict between the concept of the right of national self-determination and the principle of national sovereignty. It is the most prominent dilemma of the principle of national self-determination in contemporary times. The principle of national sovereignty is higher and should be used first, but the exercise of the right of national self-determination by some groups usually undermines the interests of others. The exercise of the principle of the right of peoples to self-determination, in cases involving two States, usually undermines the principle of national sovereignty. In practice, the principle of national right of self-determination has broken through the principle of national sovereignty, resulting in a conflict between the two value dilemma, which is the core of the dilemma of national self-determination. Some people think that the right to self-determination is out of date and should be returned to its original intention, that is, the right to self-determination in colonial times. However, this is tantamount to negating all the values of the right of national self-determination in the contemporary society and abolishing the right of self-determination of the contemporary nation. It is also argued that the development of national self-determination should focus on non-political fields such as economy, society and culture. However, this is tantamount to abandoning the political value of the right of national self-determination and extending the development of the right of national self-determination into domestic law. There are shortcomings in both views. The solution proposed by the author is to perfect the concept and develop in combination with international law and domestic law. Conceptually, the subject of national self-determination is extended to the group of humanitarian crisis. And whether the subject is confronted with humanitarian crisis needs to be investigated and confirmed by the United Nations authority, and the specific way of exercise should be produced by the non-violent peaceful negotiation between the parties concerned. Specific forms need to be formulated according to specific events. The right to self-determination of peoples should be applied in combination with international law and domestic law. If the aggrieved subject is willing to cede part of the right, the subject exercising the right of self-determination shall be given the right of national self-determination, and shall be supported by voluntary normative documents. Then this approach can be a legitimate way to exercise the right to national self-determination. Such normative documents may be international treaties, bilateral agreements or even domestic laws such as domestic constitutions. Such examples have emerged in the international community. The author hopes to make the development of national self-determination become a theoretical guide and a legal reference to guide the behavior of national self-determination in the international community through the study of the realistic dilemma and contemporary value of the national self-determination.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D992

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