体制冲突视域中GATS与BITs准入规则冲突研究

发布时间：2018-05-18 23:11

本文选题：GATS + BITs　；参考：《国际经贸探索》2015年08期

【摘要】：体制冲突发生的重要前提是体制间调整范围的交叉。GATS商业存在与BITs直接投资在规制范畴上存在重叠。影响此类服务贸易的措施与影响直接投资的措施,将同时受到GATS与BITs的约束。准入规则在GATS与BITs中都非常引人关注,GATS服务贸易准入部门由成员方具体承诺,总体开放部门较少且在成员间分布不均。BITs投资准入的模式有"符合东道国法律"和融入准入前国民待遇两种,以开放的服务部门数量为标准,典型国家以及与典型国家签署BITs的国家准入部门超过其在GATS中的承诺。因而,WTO成员方仅开放承诺清单以内服务部门的义务,与成员方对BITs缔约方开放超越此类部门的义务存在潜在的冲突。在WTO体制内成员方并无遵守BITs的义务,BITs仅在缔约方属于毗邻国家情形下具有优先适用效力。因此,在准入规则上GATS与BITs可能产生实际的冲突结果。BITs既不属于GATS"经济一体化",也不在绝大部分WTO成员方GATS最惠国待遇豁免清单之列,因而BITs中更优惠的准入条件应依据最惠国待遇而惠及其他成员方,这加剧了GATS的碎片化,反过来将推进服务贸易的自由化。
[Abstract]:The important premise of system conflict is that the commercial existence of GATS and the BITs direct investment overlap in the scope of regulation. Measures affecting such trade in services and measures affecting direct investment will be constrained by both GATS and BITs. In both GATS and BITs, the admission rules have attracted much attention. There are two models of investment access in the open sector in general, which are "in conformity with the laws of the host country" and "national treatment prior to integration", and are based on the number of open service sectors. Typical countries and national entry departments that sign BITs with typical countries exceed their commitments in the GATS. Therefore, there is a potential conflict between the obligations of WTO members to open up the service sector only within the list of commitments, and the obligations of members to open up such sectors to BITs parties. In the WTO system, members do not comply with the obligations of BITs. As a result, GATS and BITs may have actual conflict results in terms of access rules. Bits are neither part of the GATS "economic integration" nor are they included in the GATS MFN exemption list of the vast majority of WTO members. Therefore, more favorable entry conditions in BITs should benefit other members according to most-favored-nation treatment, which intensifies the fragmentation of GATS, which in turn will promote the liberalization of trade in services.
【作者单位】：桂林理工大学管理学院;
【分类号】：D996.1

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