反倾销调查中“归零法”问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-18 23:24

本文选题：归零法 + 倾销幅度　；参考：《中国政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：倾销与反倾销一直是国际贸易中的热点话题,其中美国商务部在反倾销实践中使用“归零法”计算倾销幅度更成为国际社会争议的焦点。在WTO争端解决机制下,“归零法”本身及其适用成为各国诉争的对象,同时也多次被专家组和上诉机构裁定为违法。但是,以美国为代表的少数国家置WTO争端解决机构的裁定于不顾,违背国际社会普遍意愿,继续在反倾销过程中使用“归零法”。“归零法”适用范围遍及初始调查和行政复审各个阶段,其形式也变化多端,藉此来掩盖其违法的本质。由于《反倾销协定》自身规定比较模糊,同时又未明确“归零法”的适用问题,这也为美国继续肆无忌惮使用“归零法”提供了借口。要彻底废止“归零法”,就必须在多边贸易谈判中对《反倾销协定》进行修订,明确禁止各种形式的“归零法”。如今正处于多哈回合多边贸易谈判阶段,我们寄希望通过多哈回合谈判国际社会能就“归零法”问题达成一致,在《反倾销协定》中对“归零法”给以明确定性。本文主要探讨“归零法”在反倾销实践中出现的法律问题,对“归零法”的具体适用进行深入分析,通过案例及法理分析的方法对“归零法”予以定性,并以此为基础,探寻解决“归零法”问题的途径。在文章结构上,本文共四章。第一章,首先对“归零法”的概念、种类及其本质进行了介绍,然后对《反倾销协定》下与“归零法”有关的几个重要概念进行解读。第二章,介绍了“归零法”在各国反倾销实践中的适用情况。重点分析了美国对“归零法”的使用状况,同时探讨美国国内法中相关法律支持。第三章,本章将通过典型案例来对“归零法”进行法理分析。首先阐述了从GATT时代到WTO时代专家组对“归零法”态度的转变过程。接着,重点分析在WTO争端解决机制下专家组和上诉机构对“归零法”合法性的界定,同时了解“归零法”的最新发展情况。最后我还对WTO争端解决机构裁定的效力及相关“归零法”案件的实践情况进行了梳理、分析。第四章,探讨了在禁止“归零法”道路上所遇到的困难,同时对如何消除“归零法”进行了分析与探讨。
[Abstract]:Dumping and anti-dumping have always been hot topics in international trade. In the practice of anti-dumping, the U.S. Department of Commerce uses "zero method" to calculate dumping margin, which has become the focus of international disputes. Under the dispute settlement mechanism of WTO, the "Zero return Law" itself and its application have become the object of litigation in various countries, and have also been ruled illegal by the panel of experts and the appellate body many times. However, a small number of countries represented by the United States ignored the ruling of the WTO dispute settlement body and continued to use the zeroing law in the process of anti-dumping against the general will of the international community. The zeroing law covers all stages of the initial investigation and administrative review, and its forms vary from one stage to another, thereby masking the nature of the violation. Since the provisions of the Anti-Dumping Agreement itself are rather vague, and at the same time there is no clear application of the "Zero return Law", this also provides an excuse for the United States to continue to use the "Zero return Law" unscrupulously. In order to repeal the Zero return Law completely, we must amend the Anti-Dumping Agreement in multilateral trade negotiations and explicitly prohibit all forms of the Zero return Law. Now that we are in the Doha round of multilateral trade negotiations, we hope that through the Doha Round negotiations, the international community can agree on the issue of "return to zero" and give certainty to the "return to zero law" in the "Anti-dumping Agreement". This paper mainly discusses the legal problems in the practice of "returning to Zero" in antidumping practice, and makes a deep analysis of the concrete application of the "returning to Zero method", and makes a qualitative analysis of the method of "returning to Zero" through the method of case and legal theory analysis, and based on it, To find a way to solve the problem of "return to zero". In the structure of the article, there are four chapters. In the first chapter, we introduce the concept, category and essence of "Zero-Returning method", and then interpret several important concepts related to "Zero-Returning method" under the "Anti-dumping Agreement". Chapter two introduces the application of Zero-return method in anti-dumping practice. This paper mainly analyzes the use of the return to Zero Act in the United States, and probes into the relevant legal support in the domestic laws of the United States. Chapter three, this chapter will carry on the legal principle analysis to the return to zero method through the typical case. Firstly, the paper expounds the process of the change of the attitude of the expert group from the GATT era to the WTO era to the "return to zero" method. Then, this paper analyzes the definition of the legality of the zeroing method by panel and appellate bodies under the WTO dispute settlement mechanism, and understands the latest development of the zeroing law. Finally, I sort out and analyze the validity of the WTO dispute settlement body's ruling and the practice of the relevant "Zero-to-Zero" cases. In the fourth chapter, the paper discusses the difficulties encountered in the road of prohibiting "returning to zero", and analyzes and probes into how to eliminate "return to zero".
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.1

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