欧盟温室气体减排政策的发展及其成效

发布时间：2018-05-20 10:28

本文选题：欧盟 + 温室气体减排政策　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为气候变化国际谈判的积极发起者，欧盟一直是全球温室气体减排最主要的推动力量，其采取了一系列的实际减排行动，大力推进京都协议的实施。欧盟自成立之初便非常关注气候变化的问题并积极地采取应对措施，围绕温室气体减排欧盟制定了一系列的政策，，如温室气体排放交易机制、气候行动和可再生能源一榄子计划等。其背景主要包括三个方面：一、全球正面临气候变暖的威胁。在生态系统方面，可能导致物种的变异甚至灭绝。气候变暖还将对人类社会的政治、经济、安全等领域产生重大影响。二、全球变暖的原因是人类活动向大气中排放了大量的温室气体。三、气候变化对欧洲大陆的影响非常严重。欧洲大陆上的国家众多而且各国的国土面积比较狭小，对于气候变暖造成的各种自然灾害或者不利影响的回旋余地小。欧洲在地理位置上的特点和相对脆弱的生态环境使欧洲人对气候变化的影响比较敏感，他们不愿面对气候变化可能带来的种种破坏生存环境的威胁。鉴于以上三方面的原因，欧盟一直非常关注气候问题，适时地采取应对措施，制定减排政策并不断地修订与完善。其政策的发展经历了形成、发展和进一步完善三个阶段。20世纪80年代中后期到1994年可以说是欧盟气候政策的形成阶段。欧盟的气候政策在1994到2004年得到了一定程度的发展。随着《京都议定书》的签署与生效，欧盟的气候政策从2005年开始进入了进一步完善的时期。围绕温室气体减排，欧盟从能源、税收、市场交易和技术创新等方面制定了一系列的政策，有成功的也有被迫放弃的，但总体是不断向前发展的。这些政策取得了一定的成效，欧盟的温室气体排放量不断降低，到2020年实现减排20%的目标应该不成问题。
[Abstract]:As the active initiator of the international negotiations on climate change, the EU has been the main driving force for global greenhouse gas emission reduction. It has taken a series of actual emission reduction actions to vigorously promote the implementation of Kyoto agreement. The European Union has set up a series of policies, such as the greenhouse gas emissions trading mechanism, the climate action and the renewable energy source, including three aspects: first, the global climate is facing the threat of climate warming. In the ecosystem, it may lead to species variation or even extinction. Climate warming will also deal with human society. Two, the cause of global warming is that the global warming is caused by a large amount of greenhouse gases emitted from human activities to the atmosphere. Three, the impact of climate change on the European continent is very serious. There are many countries on the continent and the land area of the countries is narrower and narrower, and the natural disasters caused by the climate warming or the various natural disasters, or the various natural disasters caused by the climate warming, or the various natural disasters caused by the climate warming, or the various natural disasters caused by the climate warming, or the various natural disasters caused by the climate warming, or the various natural disasters caused by the climate warming, or the various natural disasters caused by the climate warming, or the various natural disasters caused by the climate warming or The geographical location of Europe and the relatively fragile ecological environment are more sensitive to the impact of the Europeans on climate change. They are reluctant to face the threat of the possible destruction of the environment that may be brought by climate change. In view of the above three reasons, the European Union has been very concerned about the climate problems. The policy development has experienced the formation, development and further improvement of the three stages of the.20 century in the mid and late 80s to 1994 as the formation stage of the EU climate policy. The EU's climate policy has been developed in a certain degree from 1994 to 2004. With the signing and entry into force of the protocol, the EU's climate policy has entered a period of further improvement since 2005. The EU has formulated a series of policies on energy, taxation, market trading and technological innovation in terms of greenhouse gas emission reduction. With some success, the EU's greenhouse gas emissions will continue to decrease. The goal of reducing emissions by 20% by 2020 should not be a problem.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996.9

【参考文献】