碳排放权交易制度与WTO规则的冲突与协调研究

发布时间：2018-05-20 19:06

  本文选题：碳排放权 + 碳排放权交易　； 参考：《重庆大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：全球温室气体的过度排放引发了一系列的环境问题，如全球气候变暖，海平面上升，冰川融化等等，面对这些环境问题，全球要求控制温室气体过度排放的呼声也越来越强烈，在此背景下，以《联合国气候框架公约》和《京都议定书》为法律基础的碳排放权交易制度应运而生。碳排放权交易制度的产生与运行，在一定程度上遏制了温室气体过度排放的局面，促进了全球温室气体的减排和减排技术的革新。然而，碳排放权交易制度并非单纯的环境保护国际法规，它还涉及到国际贸易法领域方方面面，碳排放权交易规则与贸易规则存在着大量的交叉，与现存的WTO规则存在众多的交叉议题，这也使得碳排放权交易更加复杂化，尤其是在其法律属性尚不明朗的情况下将其纳入如现行WTO规则下进行考察时，其合法行备受质疑。诸多与碳排放权交易有关的贸易措施在具体的操作层面上很有可能与现行WTO相关规定产生冲突。例如：碳排放权的初始分配很可能构成补贴；与碳排放权交易有关的贸易措施很有可能违背GATS下的相关服务条款；在《京都议定书》的推动下建立的单边碳排放权交易制度关于参与主体的限制可能违背于该国应承担的WTO义务等等，这些问题导致现行碳排放权交易运行不容乐观。鉴于此，本文将以碳排放权交易与WTO规则的冲突与协调为视角，分析目前存在的主要问题，指出现行碳排放权与WTO规则的不足，最后提出完善建议。 全文约三万四千字，共分为四个部分。 第一部分是碳排放权交易的概述。首先简要分析碳排放权的概念及其法律性质；其次阐述碳排放权交易的定义和碳排放权交易法律关系；最后简要阐述碳排放权交易模式。 第二部分是国际主要碳排放权交易机制主要内容，主要包括京都碳排放权交易机制的建立背景、主要内容；欧盟碳排放权交易机制的主要内容和评析；美国碳排放权交易机制内容和法律评析。 第三部分是碳排放权交易与WTO规则的冲突分析，，主要包括碳排放权交易与GATT；碳排放权交易与GATS和碳排放权交易与SMC. 第四部分主要是碳排放权交易与WTO规则的协调，主要包括对碳排放权交易与WTO规则进行协调的必要性分析和协调两部分。
[Abstract]:The excessive emissions of global greenhouse gases have caused a series of environmental problems, such as global warming, rising sea levels, melting glaciers, and so on. In the face of these environmental problems, the global demand for controlling excessive greenhouse gas emissions has become increasingly strong. In this context, the carbon emissions trading system based on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change and the Kyoto Protocol emerged as the times require. The emergence and operation of carbon emission trading system to some extent has restrained the situation of excessive greenhouse gas emissions and promoted the global greenhouse gas emission reduction and the innovation of emission reduction technology. However, the carbon emissions trading system is not a simple international law of environmental protection, it also involves all aspects of international trade law, carbon emissions trading rules and trade rules have a large number of intersections. There are many intersecting issues with the existing WTO rules, which make carbon trading more complicated, especially when its legal nature is not clear, such as the existing WTO rules, its legal practice is questioned. Many trade measures related to carbon emissions trading are likely to conflict with current WTO regulations at the specific operational level. For example, the initial allocation of carbon emission rights is likely to constitute a subsidy; trade measures related to carbon emissions trading are likely to violate the relevant service terms under GATS; The unilateral carbon emissions trading system established under the Kyoto Protocol may violate the country's WTO obligations and so on. These problems lead to the current carbon emissions trading operation is not optimistic. In view of this, from the perspective of the conflict and coordination between carbon emissions trading and WTO rules, this paper analyzes the main problems, points out the shortcomings of current carbon emission rights and WTO rules, and finally puts forward some suggestions for improvement. The full text is about 34000 words, which is divided into four parts. The first part is an overview of carbon emissions trading. Firstly, the concept and legal nature of carbon emission rights are briefly analyzed; secondly, the definition of carbon emission rights trading and the legal relationship between carbon emission rights trading are expounded; finally, the carbon emission rights trading mode is briefly expounded. The second part is the main content of the international major carbon trading mechanism, mainly including the background of the establishment of Kyoto carbon trading mechanism, the main content of the European Union carbon emissions trading mechanism, and the main content and evaluation of the European Union carbon trading mechanism. The content and legal Analysis of carbon emissions Trading Mechanism in the United States. The third part is the analysis of the conflict between carbon emissions trading and WTO rules, including carbon emissions trading and GATT, carbon emissions trading and GATS and carbon emission trading and SMCs. The fourth part is mainly about the coordination of carbon emission trading and WTO rules, including the necessity analysis and coordination of the coordination of carbon emissions trading and WTO rules.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D996.9


本文编号：1915870