国际海底区域生物多样性法律属性问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-21 05:39

本文选题：国际海底区域 + 生物多样性　；参考：《上海交通大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来，随着人类深海勘探水平的提高，国际海底区域生物多样性作为一类新型的海洋资源逐渐被人们所认识。国际海底区域生物多样性的特质极大的丰富了生物基因库，其在人类医疗、工业、环保等领域都具有极大的应用价值。因此，引起了国际社会的广泛关注，也产生了极大的争议。发达国家认为，国际海底区域生物多样性的开发和利用应当依据“公海自由原则”，允许各国自由开发；而发展中国家则坚持国际海底区域深海底生物多样性是继国际海底区域之后的又一人类共同继承财产，应当为全人类共同所有。目前与国际海底区域生物多样性有关的国际公约，无论是《联合国海洋法公约》还是《生物多样性公约》均未对处于国际海底区域生物多样性问题做出明确规定，因此，现有国际法律框架尚不能对其进行有效规制，亦未有国际组织进行合理监管。国际海底区域生物多样性的法律属性是研究其法律规制最基本的问题，，是开发、利用和保护这种资源的基础。本文认为，国际海底区域生物多样性具有与国际海底区域及其资源相似的属性，其性质也应当为“人类共同继承财产”，具备为全人类共同所有、为全人类的共同利益、专为和平目的而利用和公平分享利益的特征。本文除引言外，本文分为五章：第一章首先界定了“区域”生物多样性的有关概念，并介绍了“区域”的生物多样性的现有概况。第二章根据现有国家管辖海域外生物多样性管理问题政策和法律框架，指出现有国际海底区域生物多样性法律规制问题第三章首先介绍了“区域”生物多样性法律属性不明和国际上对于“区域”生物多样性法律属性的争议；接着以“全球公域”的概念对“区域”所处地位可能的几种法律属性进行概述，并着重探讨了“公约”中体现的“人类共同继承财产”。第四章通过对“区域”生物多样性与“区域”本身密不可分；“区域”生物多样性适用“人类共同继承财产”的法律属性，并符合“公约”的立法原则；和对于“人类共同继承财产”的原则是国际关系博弈的结果，符合作为发展中国家的我国的利益，这三个方面的讨论，得出“区域”生物多样性的法律属性应选择“人类共同继承财产”原则。同时，对“国际海底管理局”在“人类共同继承财产”原则之下可以作为“区域”生物多样性的管理机构进行了简单的探讨。第五章给出本文对于“区域”生物多样性法律属性选择的结论，即“人类共同继承财产”原则。并提出在坚持此原则下未来对于“区域”生物多样性开发应坚持的要求和扩大海底管理局的职责范围。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the improvement of the level of deep sea exploration, the biodiversity of international seabed area as a new type of marine resources has been gradually recognized. The characteristics of biodiversity in the international seabed area have greatly enriched the biological gene pool, which has great application value in human medical, industrial, environmental protection and other fields. Therefore, has caused the international community widespread concern, also produced the great dispute. Developed countries are of the view that the development and use of biodiversity in the international seabed area should be based on the principles of Freedom of the High Seas and allow States to exploit freely; The developing countries insist that the biodiversity of the deep seabed in the international seabed area is another common heritage of mankind after the international seabed area and should be owned by all mankind. The current international conventions relating to the biodiversity of the international seabed area, neither the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea nor the Convention on Biological Diversity, provide for the issue of biodiversity in the international seabed area, and therefore, The existing international legal framework can not regulate it effectively, and there is no reasonable supervision by international organizations. The legal attribute of biodiversity in the international seabed area is the most basic problem in the study of its legal regulation and is the basis for the exploitation, utilization and protection of this kind of resources. This paper holds that the biodiversity of the international seabed area has the property similar to that of the international seabed area and its resources, and its nature should also be "the common heritage of mankind", with the common ownership and common interest of all mankind. The use and equitable sharing of benefits exclusively for peaceful purposes. In addition to the introduction, this paper is divided into five chapters: The first chapter defines the concept of biodiversity in the area and presents the existing overview of biodiversity in the area. Chapter II, based on the existing policy and legal framework of biodiversity management in areas beyond national jurisdiction, points out the existing legal regulation of biodiversity in international seabed areas. The third chapter firstly introduces the unclear legal attribute of biodiversity in the area and the international controversy about the legal attribute of biodiversity in the area. Then the possible legal attributes of the status of the area are summarized with the concept of "global Commons", and the "common heritage of mankind" embodied in the Convention is emphatically discussed. Chapter IV, through the application of the legal attributes of "common heritage of mankind" to the biodiversity of the area and in conformity with the legislative principles of the Convention, is inextricably linked to the area itself; And the principle of "common heritage of mankind" is the result of a game of international relations, which is in the interest of our country as a developing country. It is concluded that the principle of "common heritage of mankind" should be chosen as the legal attribute of biodiversity in the area. At the same time, the International seabed Authority can be used as the regulatory body of the biodiversity of the area under the principle of "common heritage of mankind". The fifth chapter gives the conclusion of this paper on the selection of the legal attributes of biodiversity in the area, that is, the principle of "common heritage of mankind". The future requirements for the exploitation of biodiversity in the area and the expansion of the terms of reference of the Authority under this principle are also proposed.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D993.5

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