北极航行管制的法理探讨

发布时间：2018-05-22 20:03

本文选题：联合国海洋法公约 + 冰封区域条款　；参考：《国际问题研究》2016年06期

【摘要】：《联合国海洋法公约》第234条赋予冰封区域沿海国特殊的环境管辖权,加拿大和俄罗斯依据这一条款在其北极海域内全面推行航行管制。然而这一单边管辖权的行使需要满足多项限制条件,两国部分管控措施超出了冰封区域条款的合理使用,突破了海洋法对航行权的保障。在国际法体系内,北极沿海国航行管控的特殊权力有其外部边界,受到多边海事规则的制约,特别是"极地规则"的出台将限制冰封区域条款的适用空间,削弱沿海国单边管辖权的合法性基础。北极沿海国实施单边管控面临法律和政治上的双重困难,通过国际平台开展北极航运合作,寻求在国际规则中维护其利益诉求,更加符合北极沿海国家的实际利益。
[Abstract]:Article 234 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea gives special environmental jurisdiction to the coastal States of the frozen region, according to which Canada and Russia fully implement navigation control in their Arctic waters. However, the exercise of this unilateral jurisdiction needs to meet a number of restrictions. Some of the control measures of the two countries exceed the reasonable use of the ice-bound regional clause and break through the guarantee of navigation rights by the law of the sea. Within the system of international law, the special powers of the Arctic Coastal Air Bank have their external boundaries and are subject to multilateral maritime rules, especially the introduction of the Polar rules, which will limit the space for the application of the ice-bound regional provisions. Weakening the legal basis of the unilateral jurisdiction of coastal States. Arctic coastal states face double difficulties in law and politics to implement unilateral control and control. It is more in line with the actual interests of Arctic coastal countries to carry out Arctic shipping cooperation through international platforms and seek to safeguard their interests in international rules.
【作者单位】：中国海洋大学法政学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金重点项目“国际法视角下的中国北极航线战略研究”(项目编号:13AZD084) 教育部哲学社会科学发展报告培育项目“北极地区发展报告”(项目编号:13JBGP019) 中国极地科学战略研究基金青年项目“北极航运法律规制新发展及我国应对研究”的阶段性研究成果
【分类号】：D993.5

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