国际服务贸易争端解决机制研究

发布时间：2018-05-24 16:56

本文选题：国际服务贸易 + 争端解决机制　；参考：《广西师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着经济全球化的加深和国际产业结构的调整,国际服务贸易经历了长足及迅速的发展,已成为当今全球经济竞争的重点领域。从1980年至2008年间,国际服务贸易出口额从3650亿美元扩大到37313亿美元,28年间增长了10.2倍,目前国际服务贸易出口已占到全球贸易总额的20%左右,服务贸易已成为现代产业进步的标志,服务贸易的全球化、自由化将是一个长期的趋势。而由于世界各国在经济和服务业的发展存在着严重的不平衡以及各国对服务贸易独特的监管方式,服务贸易壁垒也更加的隐蔽,各国在服务贸易方面的摩擦和争端亦潜在着扩大化和复杂化的趋势,这就对服务贸易的争端解决机制提出了更高的要求。自1995年GATS生效以来,WTO将服务贸易纳入了多边贸易体制的范畴,使GATS成为了有关服务贸易具有法律约束力的全球性多边贸易协议,填补了国际服务贸易领域法律的空白。而作为多边性贸易体制最核心、最独特组成部分的争端解决机制亦是确保该机制有效运作的重要支柱。GATS规定了有关服务贸易的争端解决机制,它是WTO将传统的货物贸易争端解决机制扩大至服务贸易领域的结果,但是,由于服务贸易具有无形性和抽象性等本身的特殊性质,也决定了其争端解决机制与货物贸易的争端解决的有所不同,即服务贸易争端解决存在着其自身的特殊程序规则和实体规则方面的问题,如最惠国待遇、国民待遇、市场准入以及国内监管等问题。而由于GATS的产生本身就是各谈判方之间利益的相互平衡和相互妥协的产物,GATS涵盖内容的广泛性与其特殊的具体承诺方式和当今飞速发展和层出不断的服务贸易新领域相比,其争端解决机制也面临着很多新的问题。对当前服务贸易争端解决机制发展与完善的研究将有助于促进服务贸易更加迅速地发展以及推动服务贸易的进一步自由化。全文主要从四个部分来进行分析。第一部分是对国际服务贸易争端解决机制的基本理论和案例进行了概述和分析。第二部分对国际服务贸易争端解决机制的程序性规则进行分析。第三部分是对国际服务贸易争端解决机制的相关实体规则进行分析。第四部分是结合中国参与的FTAs分析国际服务贸易争端解决机制的利弊以及提出对其完善的建议。在第一部分,首先,考察了国际服务贸易以及国际服务贸易争端解决的概念,并通过分析国际服务贸易争端解决产生的原因及其历史沿革,凸显国际服务贸易争端解决对国际服务贸易发展的重要性和必要性。其次,对现存的服务贸易争端解决机制的机构进行概述。第三,对WTO成立以及GATS生效以来涉及的服务贸易争端解决案例进行统计和分析,发掘国际服务贸易争端解决机制存在的问题。在第二部分,论述了国际服务贸易争端解决机制的法律依据、争端解决的类型以及其救济措施。分析了国际服务贸易争端解决机制本身存在的特殊规则,并将服务贸易与货物贸易的争端解决规则进行了比较,研究它们之间的联系与区别,总结服务贸易争端解决机制的特征。在第三部分,主要是对以往WTO服务贸易争端解决的案例中反映的有关GATS其适用范围、最惠国待遇、国民待遇、市场准入以及服务贸易自由化与国内监管等实体规范中出现的有关条款的措辞解释问题以及对相关条款在理解与适用方面存在的问题进行了详细的分析,澄清了相关措辞的理解和条款的适用规则。在第四部分,首先,分析和论述了中国参与的FTAs服务贸易争端解决机制以及服务贸易争端解决机制的发展情况。其次,对国际服务贸易争端解决机制存在的利弊进行分析。最后,指出完善国际服务贸易争端解决机制应具有的六个基本原则以及其今后发展中应坚持的价值取向,并提出了应在程序上和实体上进一步完善国际服务贸易争端解决机制的建议。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of economic globalization and the adjustment of international industrial structure, international service trade has experienced rapid and rapid development. It has become the key field of global economic competition. From 1980 to 2008, the export of international service trade expanded from 365 billion US dollars to $37313 billion, and increased by 10.2 times in 28 years, and the international service trade is at present. Easy export has accounted for about 20% of the total global trade. Service trade has become a symbol of modern industrial progress. The globalization of service trade and liberalization will be a long-term trend. However, there is a serious imbalance in the development of economic and service industries in the world, and the special regulation of service trade in various countries, service trade. The barriers are also more hidden, and the frictions and disputes in the service trade are also potentially expanding and complicating. This has put forward higher requirements for the dispute settlement mechanism of service trade. Since the entry into force of GATS in 1995, WTO has incorporated service trade into the category of multilateral trading system, making GATS a service trade tool. A legally binding global multilateral trade agreement fills the gap in the law in the field of international services and trade. As the core of the multilateral trading system, the most unique component of the dispute settlement mechanism is also an important pillar to ensure the effective operation of the mechanism,.GATS stipulates the dispute settlement mechanism related to service trade, which is to be transmitted by the WTO. The dispute settlement mechanism of the goods trade has been expanded to the result of the service trade. However, because the service trade has its own special nature, such as intangible and abstract, it also decides that the dispute settlement mechanism of the service is different from the dispute settlement of the goods trade. The issues of substantive rules, such as most favoured nation treatment, national treatment, market access and domestic regulation, and because the production of GATS itself is the product of the mutual balance and compromise of the interests of the negotiators, the universality of the content of the GATS and its specific specific commitments and the rapid development and the continuous development of the present. Compared with the new field of service trade, its dispute settlement mechanism is also facing a lot of new problems. The research on the development and perfection of the current service trade dispute settlement mechanism will help to promote the rapid development of service trade and further liberate the service trade.
The full text is mainly analyzed from four parts. The first part is an overview and analysis of the basic theories and cases of the international service trade dispute settlement mechanism. The second part analyses the procedural rules of the international service trade dispute settlement mechanism. The third part is the relevant entity of the international service trade dispute settlement mechanism. The fourth part is the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the international service trade dispute settlement mechanism combined with China's participation in FTAs, and puts forward suggestions for its perfection.
In the first part, first, the concept of international service trade and international service trade dispute settlement is investigated. The reasons and historical evolution of international service trade dispute settlement are analyzed, and the importance and necessity of international service trade dispute settlement to the development of international service trade are highlighted. Secondly, the existing service trade disputes are contended. The organization of the end solution mechanism is summarized. Third, it makes statistics and Analysis on the case of service trade dispute settlement involved in the establishment of WTO and GATS since its entry into force, and explores the problems of the international service and trade dispute settlement mechanism.
In the second part, the legal basis of the dispute settlement mechanism of international service trade, the type of dispute settlement and its relief measures are discussed. The special rules of the international service trade dispute settlement mechanism itself are analyzed, and the relations and differences between the service trade and the dispute settlement rules of the goods trade are compared and the relations and differences between them are studied. The characteristics of the dispute settlement mechanism of service trade are summarized.
In the third part, the wording of the relevant provisions on the scope of the GATS, the MFN treatment, the national treatment, the market access, the liberalization of service trade and domestic regulation, as reflected in the cases of the previous WTO service trade dispute settlement, and the interpretation of the relevant provisions in the substantive norms of the liberalization of service trade and domestic regulation, as well as the understanding and application of the relevant provisions. The problems were analyzed in detail, and the understanding of relevant wording and the rules of application of clauses were clarified.
In the fourth part, first, we analyze and discuss the development of the FTAs service trade dispute settlement mechanism and the service trade dispute settlement mechanism involved in China. Secondly, the advantages and disadvantages of the international service trade dispute settlement mechanism are analyzed. Finally, it points out that the six basic sources of the international service trade dispute settlement mechanism should be perfected. As well as the value orientation that should be adhered to in the future development, the proposal to further improve the international service and trade dispute settlement mechanism should be further perfected in the process and in the entity.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.1

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